Global dispersal and diversity of rust fungi in the context of plant health

Hovmøller, Mogens S.; Thach, Tine; Justesen, Annemarie Fejer

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2022.102243

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These two groups were already detected in 2019 and 2020 in nurseries of the Île-de-France and in 2018 and 2019 in Italy. All this information strongly indicates that these are indeed the main stem rust races in Mediterranean Europe [50], and probably also in North Africa. According to DNA analyses of samples sent to the GRRC from all parts of Europe, the races of the Ug99 family have not reached Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Characterization of Wheat Yellow Rust and Stem Rust Virulence in Southern Spain

Rodríguez-Vázquez,

Ammar,

Solís

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Effective mitigation of the current threat from yellow rust and the potential threat from stem rust to wheat production in the south of Spain requires the characterization of the lineages/races currently present in the region. Results from this study clearly indicated that the main yellow rust lineages currently present in the south of Spain are PstS10, PstS13, and PstS14, to which several widely grown commercial cultivars are resistant. Even though stem rust is not yet present during the regular cropping season, the main lineages/races Clade IV-B and Clade IV-F, were identified, much like in most of Europe and parts of North Africa. The evaluation of differential series and special breeding lines with known genes under local conditions has indicated the availability of several genetic options that could be used in breeding/selection programs to provide effective levels of resistance to either disease in the future. However, in undertaking these efforts, it is important to consider not only the lineages currently present locally but also resistance options effective against lineages/races that are rapidly developing elsewhere and could very likely reach the south of Spain in the near future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Characterization of Wheat Yellow Rust and Stem Rust Virulence in Southern Spain

Rodríguez-Vázquez,

Ammar,

Solís

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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“…The long distance dispersal of fungal crop pathogens has been well documented by researchers [ 249 ]. To address the issue of fungal spore invasion into new territories with favorable disease conditions, the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) has established a Global Rust Reference Centre focusing on monitoring the presence and movement of rust fungi urediniospores, particularly for rusts infesting wheat [ 250 , 251 ]. In a pilot study conducted by Chen et al [ 252 ], air spore samplers were used to observe the population of the air mycobiome at different locations in Canada along growing seasons.…”

Section: Agroecosystem Resilience and Adaptation To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ug99 race is considered a significant global threat to food security due to its genetic variants with virulence against additional resistant genes such as Sr21, Sr24, Sr31, and Sr36, causing stem rust in previously resistant wheat varieties [ 259 ]. As a result, wheat stem rust epidemics, including in Europe, have been observed across five continents, with ongoing evolution driven by increasing global temperatures [ 251 , 260 ]. Similarly, the yellow rust fungus ( Puccinia striiformis ), has experienced the development of more aggressive and virulent strains adapted to warmer climates.…”

Section: Agroecosystem Resilience and Adaptation To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

Chen

Modi

Picot

2023

Plants

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The phytomicrobiome plays a crucial role in soil and ecosystem health, encompassing both beneficial members providing critical ecosystem goods and services and pathogens threatening food safety and security. The potential benefits of harnessing the power of the phytomicrobiome for plant disease suppression and management are indisputable and of interest in agriculture but also in forestry and landscaping. Indeed, plant diseases can be mitigated by in situ manipulations of resident microorganisms through agronomic practices (such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, organic mulching, etc.) as well as by applying microbial inoculants. However, numerous challenges, such as the lack of standardized methods for microbiome analysis and the difficulty in translating research findings into practical applications are at stake. Moreover, climate change is affecting the distribution, abundance, and virulence of many plant pathogens, while also altering the phytomicrobiome functioning, further compounding disease management strategies. Here, we will first review literature demonstrating how agricultural practices have been found effective in promoting soil health and enhancing disease suppressiveness and mitigation through a shift of the phytomicrobiome. Challenges and barriers to the identification and use of the phytomicrobiome for plant disease management will then be discussed before focusing on the potential impacts of climate change on the phytomicrobiome functioning and disease outcome.

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“…late summer), C. eupatorii infection was found even at a distance of 1,000 m and its frequency was higher in downwind than in upwind areas (Zinno et al., 1965 ). Even longer distances are possible, as rust fungal spores can travel long distances in air currents (Kakishima et al., 2017 ; Casamayor et al., 2023 ; Hovmøller et al., 2023 ). Larvae of some Mycodiplosis species (Insecta, Diptera) are known to feed on spores of rust fungi, thus it is possible that adult flies may also disperse spores of C. eupatorii as suggested previously for other Coleosporium species (Henk et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Coleosporium eupatorii

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Coleosporium eupatorii Arthur ex Cummins, a clearly defined heteroecious fungus of the family Coleosporiaceae, causing rust diseases on five-needle Pinus spp. (aecial hosts) and on several genera of the Asteraceae family (telial hosts), such as Eupatorium spp. and Stevia spp. C. eupatorii is reported from Asia as well as North, Central and South America. It is not known to occur in the EU. The pathogen is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 and has not been intercepted in the EU. The pathogen can be detected on its host plants by DNA sequencing. The main pathway for the entry of C. eupatorii into the EU is host plants for planting, other than seeds. In the EU, there is availability of aecial host plants, with Pinus peuce, P. strobus and P. cembra being the most important ones. There is a key uncertainty about whether European Eupatorium species (specifically E. cannabinum) are hosts of C. eupatorii and thus the ability of the pathogen to complete its life cycle, establish and spread in the EU. C. eupatorii could potentially spread within the EU by both natural and human-assisted means. The introduction of C. eupatorii into the EU is expected to have an economic and environmental impact. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen in the EU. C. eupatorii satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

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Global dispersal and diversity of rust fungi in the context of plant health

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization of Wheat Yellow Rust and Stem Rust Virulence in Southern Spain

Characterization of Wheat Yellow Rust and Stem Rust Virulence in Southern Spain

Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

Pest categorisation of Coleosporium eupatorii

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