Global Dispersal Pattern of HIV Type 1 Subtype CRF01_AE: A Genetic Trace of Human Mobility Related to Heterosexual Sexual Activities Centralized in Southeast Asia

Angelis, Konstantinos; Albert, Jan; Mamais, Ioannis; Magiorkinis, Gkikas; Hatzakis, Angelos; Hamouda, Osamah; Struck, Daniel; Vercauteren, Jürgen; Wensing, Annemarie M. J.; Alexiev, Ivailo; Åsjö, Birgitta; Balotta, Claudia; Camacho, Ricardo Jorge; Coughlan, Suzie; Griskevicius, Algirdas; Grossman, Zehava; Horban, Andrzéj; Kostrikis, Leondios G.; Lepej, Snjezana; Liitsola, Kirsi; Linka, Marek; Nielsen, Claus Henrik; Oțelea, Dan; Paredes, Roger; Poljak, Mario; Puchhammer‐Stöckl, Elisabeth; Schmit, Jean-Claude; Sönnerborg, Anders; Staneková, Danica; Stanojević, Maja; Boucher, Charles A.; Kaplan, Lauren M.; Vandamme, Anne‐Mieke; Paraskevis, Dimitrios

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu666

Cited by 62 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thailand experienced a dramatic rise in the number of HIV-1 infected individuals in the early nineties (1988 -1993) and the majority of the infections in this period were due to heterosexual transmission from commercial sex workers (2,4). Although implementing condom-use programs decreased the number of new infections to a great extent, Thai sex workers continue to suffer from an CRF01_AE epidemic (2). Similar to Turkey, Thailand is another popular touristic and commercial destination for many Iranians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding Iran, the only CRF01_AE sequence that was used in their analysis showed a transmission history from Thailand, which is consistent with the results of our study. In their study, such a dispersal pattern of the virus was attributed to the popularity of Thailand as a vacation destination, mostly characterized by sex tourism, and to the emigration of Thai citizens to the western world (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the subtypes/recombinant forms derived from group M, subtype B and circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE are predominant clades in most parts of the world (2). Subtype B originated in Haiti and spread to the USA around the 1960s (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRF01_AE originated in Central Africa and spread to Thailand during the 1970s. The CRF01_AE epidemic in Thailand was first recognized as affecting female sex workers in 1989 (2,4). Subsequently, CRF01_AE caused a large-scale epidemic in Southeast Asia, with a prevalence of 79%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, CRF01_AE caused a large-scale epidemic in Southeast Asia, with a prevalence of 79%. The worldwide spread of CRF01_AE began immediately after this and was most likely transmitted through heterosexual activities (2). In Iran, both subtype B and CRF01_AE have been detected (5,6), however, their epidemic history (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of HIV-I Subtype B and Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE Clades in Iran: A Phylogeographic Approach

Eybpoosh

Bahrampour

Azadmanesh

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The origins and spatio-temporal dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE clades are largely unknown in Iran. Objectives: This study investigates the origins and spatio-temporal dynamics of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE clades in Iran using the most recent phylogeographic methods. Methods: This Bayesian phylogeographic study examined HIV-1 sequence data available in the Los Alamos HIV databases. For the purposes of this study, we retrieved all the eligible time-stamped and geo-referenced HIV-1 subtype B (pol p66 and p51 RT) and CRF01_-AE (gp160) sequences from Iran. The majority of these data were obtained from studies using convenience and snowball sampling. Evolutionary and phylogeographic parameters were jointly estimated for each clade using BEAST software v.1.8.1. A Bayesian stochastic search variable selection method, with a threshold of 3.0 for the Bayes factors test, was used to obtain significant migration rates of the virus. Results: Our results suggest that the subtype B epidemic was introduced to Iran from Southern China, Germany and the USA. Although the migration rate from the USA to Iran was found to be statistically insignificant, the results suggested that the USA was the earliest exporter of the subtype B to Iran (i.e. since 1974, 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) : 1966-1974). Moreover, based on our findings, the CRF01_AE clade was first introduced to Iran from Thailand (1988( , 95% HPD: 1986( -1990. Among the factors contributing to the transmission of subtype B to Iran from Germany is the transit of goods and long-distance truck driving. However, the factors behind the transmission of this clade from the USA and Southern China remain unknown. Similar to many countries, the introduction of CRF01_AE from Thailand might be attributed to sex tourism. Conclusions: There is evidence to suggest that subtype B and CRF01_AE were introduced to Iran through multiple pathways and origins, including Germany, Southern China, the USA, and Thailand. Factors such as international trade, the transit of goods, and tourism are among the most likely methods for transmission of these clades. However, the existing preventive strategies in Iran have been mostly focused on other risk groups, including sex workers and intravenous drug users. The findings of our study highlight the need for the further development of targeted preventive strategies, such as educational interventions, aimed at tourists, truck drivers, and people involved in international trade and transactions in order to prevent the onward transmission of disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of HIV-I Subtype B and Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE Clades in Iran: A Phylogeographic Approach

Eybpoosh

Bahrampour

Azadmanesh

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Molecular epidemiology of a primarily MSM acute HIV‐1 cohort in Bangkok, Thailand and connections within networks of transmission in Asia

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThailand plays a substantial role in global HIV‐1 transmission of CRF01_AE. Worldwide, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at elevated risk for HIV‐1 infection. Hence, understanding HIV‐1 diversity in a primarily Thai MSM cohort with acute infection, and its connections to the broader HIV‐1 transmission network in Asia is crucial for research and development of HIV‐1 vaccines, treatment and cure.MethodsSubtypes and diversity of infecting viruses from individuals sampled from 2009 to 2015 within the RV254/SEARCH 010 cohort were assessed by multiregion hybridization assay (MHAbce), multiregion subtype‐specific PCR assay (MSSPbce) and full‐length single‐genome sequencing (SGS). Phylogenetic analysis was performed by maximum likelihood. Pairwise genetic distances of envelope gp160 sequences obtained from the cohort and from Asia (Los Alamos National Laboratory HIV Database) were calculated to identify potential transmission networks.Results MHAbce/MSSPbce results identified 81.6% CRF01_AE infecting strains in RV254. CRF01_AE/B recombinants and subtype B were found at 7.3% and 2.8% respectively. Western subtype B strains outnumbered Thai B′ strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed one C, one CRF01_AE/CRF02_AG recombinant and one CRF01_AE/B/C recombinant. Asian network analysis identified one hundred and twenty‐three clusters, including five clusters of RV254 participants. None of the RV254 sequences clustered with non‐RV254 sequences. The largest international cluster involved 15 CRF01_AE strains from China and Vietnam. The remaining clusters were mostly intracountry connections, of which 31.7% included Thai nodes and 43.1% included Chinese nodes.ConclusionWhile the majority of strains in Thailand are CRF01_AE and subtype B, emergence of unique recombinant forms (URFs) are found in a moderate fraction of new HIV‐1 infections. Approaches to vaccine design and immunotherapeutics will need to monitor and consider the expanding proportion of recombinants and the increasing genetic diversity in the region. Identified HIV‐1 transmission networks indicate ongoing spread of HIV‐1 among MSM. As HIV‐1 epidemics continue to expand in other Asian countries, transmission network analyses can inform strategies for prevention, intervention, treatment and cure.

show abstract

Comparison of genotypic and virtual phenotypic drug resistance interpretations with laboratory‐based phenotypes among CRF01_AE and subtype B HIV‐infected individuals

Jiamsakul¹,

Chaiwarith

Durier³

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives HIV drug resistance assessments and interpretations can be obtained from genotyping (GT), virtual phenotyping (VP) and laboratory-based phenotyping (PT). We compared resistance calls obtained from GT and VP with those from PT (GT-PT and VP-PT) among CRF01_AE and subtype B HIV-1 infected patients. Methods GT predictions were obtained from the Stanford HIV database. VP and PT were obtained from Janssen Diagnostics BVBA’s vircoType™ HIV-1 and Antivirogram®, respectively. With PT assumed as the “gold standard”, the area under the curve (AUC) and the Bland-Altman plot were used to assess the level of agreement in resistance interpretations. Results A total of 80 CRF01_AE samples from Asia and 100 subtype B from Janssen Diagnostics BVBA’s database were analysed. CRF01_AE showed discordances ranging from 3 to 27 samples for GT-PT and 1 to 20 samples for VP-PT. The GT-PT and VP-PT AUCs were 0.76 to 0.97 and 0.81 to 0.99, respectively. Subtype B showed 3 to 61 discordances for GT-PT and 2 to 75 discordances for VP-PT. The AUCs ranged from 0.55 to 0.95 for GT-PT and 0.55 to 0.97 for VP-PT. Didanosine had the highest proportion of discordances and/or AUC in all comparisons. The patient with the largest didanosine FC difference in each subtype harboured Q151M mutation. Overall, GT and VP predictions for CRF01_AE performed significantly better than subtype B for three NRTIs. Conclusions Although discrepancies exist, GT and VP resistance interpretations in HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains were highly robust in comparison with the gold-standard PT.

show abstract

Global Dispersal Pattern of HIV Type 1 Subtype CRF01_AE: A Genetic Trace of Human Mobility Related to Heterosexual Sexual Activities Centralized in Southeast Asia

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of HIV-I Subtype B and Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE Clades in Iran: A Phylogeographic Approach

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of HIV-I Subtype B and Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE Clades in Iran: A Phylogeographic Approach

Molecular epidemiology of a primarily MSM acute HIV‐1 cohort in Bangkok, Thailand and connections within networks of transmission in Asia

Comparison of genotypic and virtual phenotypic drug resistance interpretations with laboratory‐based phenotypes among CRF01_AE and subtype B HIV‐infected individuals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About