Global distribution of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits and occurrences

Kirkham, R V; Carrière, J J; Laramée, R M; Garson, D F

doi:10.4095/207806

Cited by 20 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Dip angles marked on plan maps vary between 30°and 50°; precise measurements were not made Cailteux 1999). Nodules and laths pseudomorphing anhydrite indicate that the climate was arid during sedimentation (Kirkham 1989;Muchez et al 2008).…”

Section: Regional Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution and Evolution Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to current and historical understanding of sediment-hosted Cu deposits, several factors govern the precipitation of sulfide ore (e.g., Bartholomé 1974;Kirkham 1989;Selley et al 2005). The two most likely to be important at Tenke-Fungurume are redox state and the availability of reduced sulfur (Kirkham 1989), both of which depend on the lithology of the rock. The precipitation of sulfides at redox boundaries, where a metalliferous oxic brine meets a reservoir of reduced sulfur, offers a plausible cause for the relationship of ore concentrations to the contacts between shale-dominated strata and a silicadolomite unit (Bartholomé et al 1972;Bartholomé 1974;Rose 1989).…”

Section: Distribution and Evolution Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo

Fay

Barton

2011

Miner Deposita

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Two sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Co deposits in the Tenke-Fungurume district of the Central African Copperbelt were examined to evaluate the alteration history of the ore-hosting Mines Series and its implications for ore distribution and processing. Core logging and petrography, focused on lithology and timing relationships, outlined a complex alteration sequence whose earliest features include formation of anhydrite nodules and laths, followed by precipitation of dolomite. Later alteration episodes include at least two silica introductions, accompanied by or alternating with two dolomite introductions into the existing gangue assemblages. One introduction of Cu-Co sulfides accompanied the last episode of dolomite alteration, overprinting an earlier generation of ore whose gangue association was unidentifiable. Sulfides and some carbonates were subsequently modified by supergene oxidation, transport, and reprecipitation to 100-200 m depth. Presentday ore distribution resulted from these successive processes. Ore is concentrated in two shale-dominated units on either side of a cavernous silicified dolomite, which is interpreted as the main conduit for the mineralizing fluids. Sulfide ores precipitated at the redox or sulfidation contacts between this dolomite and the shales. Later, supergene fluids dissolved and moved some of the metals, redepositing them as oxides and carbonates. Solubility differences between Cu and Co in supergene conditions caused them to precipitate separately. Thus, modern ore distribution at TenkeFungurume results both from original hypogene lithologyand contact-related precipitation and from supergene oxidation, transport, and Cu-Co decoupling. The supergene fluid flow also redistributed gangue minerals such as dolomite, which has an economically important influence on the processing costs of supergene ores.

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Section: Regional Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution and Evolution Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution and Evolution Of Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo

Fay

Barton

2011

Miner Deposita

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“…Only surpassed by the porphyry copper-type, sediment-hosted copper (SHC) deposits are the second source for this metal, probably containing about 20e25% of the global copper reserves (Kirkham, 1989). They are also a significant source for silver and cobalt and, to a lesser extent, for zinc, lead and uranium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cretaceous sediment-hosted copper deposits of San Marcos (Coahuila, Northeastern Mexico): An approach to ore-forming processes

García-Alonso

Canet

Gonzáléz-Partida

et al. 2011

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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“…1) and the adjoining Katanga province (Democratic Republic of Congo; DRC) contain the largest sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Co deposits on Earth, with altogether more than 190 million tonnes measured production and reserves (Kirkham, 1989). In the Zambian Copperbelt, the main mineralized horizon is the 'ore formation', which lithologically ranges from arkosic sandstone to siltstone and argillite, locally with a considerable carbonate component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for participation of microbial mats in the deposition of the siliciclastic ‘ore formation’ in the Copperbelt of Zambia

Porada¹,

Druschel²

2010

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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Global distribution of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits and occurrences

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo

Alteration and ore distribution in the Proterozoic Mines Series, Tenke-Fungurume Cu–Co district, Democratic Republic of Congo

The Cretaceous sediment-hosted copper deposits of San Marcos (Coahuila, Northeastern Mexico): An approach to ore-forming processes

Evidence for participation of microbial mats in the deposition of the siliciclastic ‘ore formation’ in the Copperbelt of Zambia

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