Global Diversity and Ecological Function of Parasites of Euphausiids

Abstract

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Review paper Pseudocollinia histophagous ciliates infect krill in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and possibly worldwide

“…In a recent review of epibionts, micropredators, parasites and parasitoids that interact with krill worldwide, an unidentified protozoan infecting Euphausia similis var. armata was reported in the east coast of Tasmania, Australia (Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2017). Here, additional and more detailed information is provided on this infection report ( Fig. 1 A-D, Table 1).…”

“…Here, we review cases of parasitoid ciliates of the genus Pseudocollinia that infect euphausiids (krill) showing observational evidence that those parasitoid (histophagous) apostome ciliates match the broad zoogeographical distribution patterns of their pelagic krill hosts. From a literature review of 162 published articles of krill parasites worldwide there are four other reports of unidentified endoparasitic apostome ciliates (Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2017) that we have subsequently interpreted here as ciliate species of the genus Pseudocollinia. They had been identified as other parasites or krill pathologies or simply unassigned to any taxonomic status: infection of adults of Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer, 1846) in the Bay of Fundy, Canada (originally identified as microsporidians) (Kulka & Corey, 1984), unidentified endoparasitic ciliates infecting the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 in Admiralty Bay in King George Island (Stankovic & Rakusa-Suszczewski, 1996), Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911 in Sanriku coast, Japan (Shimazu, 2006) and Euphausia similis var.…”

“…A parasitoid is an organism that for most of its life is associated with a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic, but unlike a true parasite it ultimately sterilizes or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host (Parmentier & Michel, 2013;Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2015a,b). Two types of parasitoids are known to infect krill (Order Euphausiacea) worldwide (Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2017). Firstly, two species of dinoflagellates (Chytriodinium roseum and C. affine) that kill eggs of Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M Sars, 1857) in the Mediterranean Sea (Dogiel, 1906;Cachon & Cachon, 1968;Daugbjerg et al, 2000; and eggs of Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911 off the Oregon coasts (USA) (Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2009).…”

“…armata G.O. Sars, 1883 in the east coast of Tasmania, Australia (Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2017). The precise taxonomic classification of these endoparasites is still unknown and must be investigated in the future.…”

Changes in parasite-chaetognath species assemblages in the Mexican Central Pacific before and during El Niño 1997-1998

“…1B). Although Gómez-Gutiérrez et al (2017) mentioned that endoparasite prevalence of euphausiids increases as the euphausiids develop and become larger, adult euphausiids are considerably less likely to be preyed on by chaetognaths. Marcogliese (2008) mentioned that trematodes are among the most common parasites of vertebrates, and here we demonstrated again that trematodes dominated (39%) the component community of trophically transmitted parasites of chaetognaths (digenean trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans) ( Fig.…”