Global dynamic responses of the atmosphere to the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980

Liu, C. H.; Klostermeyer, J.; Yeh, K. C.; Jones, T. B.; Robinson, T. R.; Holt, Olin R.; Leitinger, R.; Sinno, K.; Katō, Susumu; Ogawa, T.; Bedard, Alfred J.; Kersley, L.

doi:10.1029/ja087ia08p06281

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One possible explanation of this phenomenon is the traveling sources of the TIDs we detected, such as a seismic air wave (Press and Harkrider, 1962;Liu et al, 1982). It is known that sudden vertical displacement or tilting of the Earth's surface near the epicenter of the earthquake can generate a seismic airwave, recorded as a sharp air-pressure fluctuation in the time period of about 5 min in barograms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also previously reported on the pressure pulses propagating in the atmosphere after such natural events as the Krakatoa volcanic eruption (Pekiris, 1939) and the Siberian meteoritic impact (Whipple, 1930). Liu et al (1982) observed global atmospheric perturbations due to the 18 May 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can calculate that the TIDs were observed at a distance of more than 15 wavelengths (about 200-300 km; see Table 1). Some earlier papers reported on the registration of TIDs with a period range 5-20 min at large distances (Bolt, 1964;Davies and Baker, 1965;Liu et al, 1982Liu et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-distance traveling ionospheric disturbances caused by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004

Astafyeva

Afraimovich

2006

Earth Planet Sp

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By using data from the GPS network, we observed exceptional intensive quasi-periodical perturbations of the total electron content (TEC) caused by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004. The time period of the variations was about 15 min, their duration was about 1 hour. The amplitude of the TEC oscillations exceeded the amplitude of "background" fluctuations in this range of periods by one order of magnitude, at a minimum. They were registered 2-7 hours after the main shock at a distance from 1000 to 5000 km, both on the northwest and northeast outward from the epicenter. The most probable source of the observed oscillations appeared to be a seismic airwave generated by the sudden vertical displacement of the Earth's surface near the epicenter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-distance traveling ionospheric disturbances caused by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004

Astafyeva

Afraimovich

2006

Earth Planet Sp

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“…Previous theoretical and observational studies have suggested that acoustic-gravity waves are induced by such sources and that they can propagate up to the upper atmosphere, producing temporal and spatial variations in the thermosphere and in the ionosphere (e.g., Whipple, 1930;Hines, 1960;Leonard and Barnes, 1965;Davies and Baker, 1965;Row, 1967;Liu and Yeh, 1971;Georges, 1973;Francis, 1975;Roberts et al, 1982;Liu et al, 1982;Tanaka et al, 1984;Blanc, 1985;Kelly et al, 1985;Igarashi et al, 1994;Kanamori and Mori, 1992;Kanamori et al, 1994;Li et al, 1994;Pokhotelov et al, 1995;Davies and Archambeau, 1998;Hickey et al, 2001;Walterscheid et al, 2003;Heki and Ping, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical and observational studies suggested that displacement of the surface generated acoustic-gravity waves and caused the upper atmospheric disturbances (Leonard and Barnes, 1965;Davies and Baker, 1965;Row, 1967;Liu and Yeh, 1971;Liu et al, 1982;Kelly et al, 1985). Another notable event is the eruptions of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. In this event, large ionospheric variations, which appear to be associated with Lamb mode waves generated by the eruption in the atmosphere, were detected Liu et al, 1982;Roberts et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical simulation of ionospheric and atmospheric variations associated with the Sumatra earthquake on December 26, 2004

et al. 2007

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In the Sumatra earthquake that occurred on December 26, 2004, significant ionospheric variations were detected immediately after the earthquake in both the TEC (total electron content) data of GPS (Global Positioning System) and the ionosonde data. A magnetic pulsation with a period of about 4 min was also observed in Phimai, Thailand. Recent studies have suggested that these events are associated with acoustic waves excited by a sudden large-scale displacement of the sea surface around the epicenter. In order to study these phenomena quantitatively, a time-dependent two-dimensional nonhydrostatic compressible atmosphere-ionosphere model has been used and compared with relevant data. By modeling in sea surface perturbation, we were able to reproduce an atmospheric oscillation with a period of about 4 min in the upper atmosphere above the epicenter. The electron density variations observed by GPS/TEC and by ionosondes were also reproduced fairly well. We found that the observed TIDs (traveling ionospheric disturbances) with long periods are caused by the ducted thermospheric gravity waves produced in the thermosphere through acoustic pulse from the epicenter. The good overall agreement between the simulation results and observations indicates that numerical simulation with the nonhydrostatic compressible atmosphere-ionosphere model could be a useful tool to investigate the relationship between variations in the upper atmosphere and various sources of disturbances in the lower atmosphere.

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Ionospheric response to infrasonic‐acoustic waves generated by natural hazard events

2015

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Recent measurements of GPS‐derived total electron content (TEC) reveal acoustic wave periods of ∼1–4 min in the F region ionosphere following natural hazard events, such as earthquakes, severe weather, and volcanoes. Here we simulate the ionospheric responses to infrasonic‐acoustic waves, generated by vertical accelerations at the Earth's surface or within the lower atmosphere, using a compressible atmospheric dynamics model to perturb a multifluid ionospheric model. Response dependencies on wave source geometry and spectrum are investigated at middle, low, and equatorial latitudes. Results suggest constraints on wave amplitudes that are consistent with observations and that provide insight on the geographical variability of TEC signatures and their dependence on the geometry of wave velocity field perturbations relative to the ambient geomagnetic field. Asymmetries of responses poleward and equatorward from the wave sources indicate that electron perturbations are enhanced on the equatorward side while field aligned currents are driven principally on the poleward side, due to alignments of acoustic wave velocities parallel and perpendicular to field lines, respectively. Acoustic‐wave‐driven TEC perturbations are shown to have periods of ∼3–4 min, which are consistent with the fraction of the spectrum that remains following strong dissipation throughout the thermosphere. Furthermore, thermospheric acoustic waves couple with ion sound waves throughout the F region and topside ionosphere, driving plasma disturbances with similar periods and faster phase speeds. The associated magnetic perturbations of the simulated waves are calculated to be observable and may provide new observational insight in addition to that provided by GPS TEC measurements.

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Global dynamic responses of the atmosphere to the eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980

Cited by 71 publications

References 16 publications

Long-distance traveling ionospheric disturbances caused by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004

Long-distance traveling ionospheric disturbances caused by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004

A numerical simulation of ionospheric and atmospheric variations associated with the Sumatra earthquake on December 26, 2004

Ionospheric response to infrasonic‐acoustic waves generated by natural hazard events

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