Global EAGLE Model as a Tool for Studying the Influence of the Atmosphere on the Electric Field in the Equatorial Ionosphere

Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía version 8 retrieval of nitric oxide and lower-thermospheric temperature

“…However, in the case of linear radiative transfer, the altitude-dependent offset correction and the background continuum cannot be distinguished, and the simultaneous retrieval of both leads to a null space of solutions. This problem is solved by strongly constraining the vertical offset profile towards an empirically determined offset-correction profile (Kleinert et al, 2018), which is used a priori for the fit of the zero-level radiance correction.…”

The Influence of the Atmosphere on the Variability of the Electronic Concentration in the Ionosphere on January 2009

“…Thus, the question of reproducing variations in the ionospheric parameters caused by the action of atmospheric-ionospheric and magnetospheric-ionospheric interactions remains open. The solution to this issue can be based on the use of data from multi-instrumental observatories in the near-Earth space [37], together with the results of calculations obtained using models of the entire atmosphere [10,31].…”

“…One of the main problems in the creation of the EAGLE model was the choice of the matching scheme in the area of overlapping of the height grids of the HAMMONIA and GSM TIP models. The solution to this problem is presented in [10,30]. To carry out numerical experiments, we chose the period from January 15 to January 31, 2009, which was characterized by low solar (F 10.7 ~ 70) and geomagnetic (for the entire period the maximum K p < 4 and average K p = 1) activity.…”

“…The authors of [13], based on the results of the model calculations, came to the conclusion that during the stratospheric warming in January 2009, the contribution of geomagnetic variations to changes in the upper thermosphere exceeded the contribution due to the stratospheric warming itself. In [14], based on the numerical modeling, it was concluded that it was necessary to take into account atmospheric disturbances when analyzing ionospheric responses to geomagnetic storms, and the results of numerical modeling [10,15] confirm that the four-peak longitudinal variation and the evening burst of the eastern electric field at the equator are a consequence of atmospheric-ionospheric interaction.…”

“…Therefore, forecasting and diagnostics of the state of the ionosphere are an extremely important scientific and technological problem [1], which must be solved for the uninterrupted operation of communication systems of aircraft and ships, and over-the-horizon radar and global navigation systems. In turn, the Earth's ionosphere is affected to varying degrees by solar activity [2][3][4], magnetospheric variability [5][6][7], and processes in the underlying atmosphere [8][9][10]. A comparative analysis of TEC responses to the sudden stratospheric warming 2005-2013 [11], which occurred at different levels of solar activity, showed that the magnitude of the response is determined by the type of warming (strong or weak) rather than by the level of solar activity.…”