Global emergency medicine: A scoping review of the literature from 2020

Balhara, Kamna S.; Bandolin, Norkamari Shakira; Bannon‐Murphy, Holly; Becker, Torben K.; Bhaskar, Nidhi; Bonney, Joseph; Boone, Addie; Broccoli, Morgan C.; Charlton, Andrew D. I.; Cho, Daniel K.; Ciano, Joseph D.; Collier, Amanda; Dawson‐Amoah, Nanaba A.; Dyal, Jonathan; Flaherty, Katelyn E.; Hartford, Emily A.; Hayward, Alison; Hexom, Braden; Hunter, Carolyn; Jacobson, Ashley; Joiner, Anjni; Jones, Jennifer E.; Kampalath, Vinay N.; Kivlehan, Sean M; Laurence, Colleen; Leanza, Joseph; Ledger, Elizabeth; Lee, J. Austin; Levine, Adam C.; Lowsby, Richard; McCuskee, Sarah; Moretti, Katelyn; Nicholson, Benjamin; Pigoga, Jennifer L; Pousson, Amelia; Quao, Nana Serwaa A.; Rees, Chris A.; Roy, Charlotte M.; Rybarczyk, Megan M.; Selvam, Anand; Skarpiak, Branden J.; Strong, Jonathan M.; Trehan, Indi; Vogel, Lara D.; Wang, Alex H.; Wegman, Katherine M.; Winders, W. Tyler

doi:10.1111/acem.14356

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Citations previously identified for full-text evaluation from the 2016 and 2020 annual Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) were screened for inclusion in this study. Since 2005, the GEMLR group has conducted an annual review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature to screen, evaluate and review the most rigorously conducted and relevant research in GEM published each year 12. Each year the complete database of selected articles as well as full summaries and critical analyses of the top articles are published in Academic Emergency Medicine online and open access.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11] Global emergency medicine (GEM) is a relatively new, and rapidly growing, subspecialty bridging the fields of global health and emergency medicine (EM), which focuses on improving the science and practice of emergency care (EC) globally. [12][13][14] It encompasses a wide breadth of topics including the development of the EM specialty and EC systems in areas where such systems do not exist as well as clinical care during humanitarian emergencies. 12 14 Despite the burden of conditions that fall within the scope of EM disproportionately affecting LMIC populations (eg, traumatic injuries, acute presentations of communicable and non-communicable diseases as well as presentations of a variety of other illnesses), global EM development has until recently, largely been led by academics from HICs where EM was originally pioneered.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2005, the GEMLR group has conducted an annual review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature to screen, evaluate and review the most rigorously conducted and relevant research in GEM published each year. 12 Each year the complete database of selected articles as well as full summaries and critical analyses of the top articles are published in Academic Emergency Medicine online and open access. The screening methods and inclusion criteria for the GEMLR review have been previously described and were consistently applied from 2016 to 2020.…”

Section: Data Source and Identification Of Gem Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The screening methods and inclusion criteria for the GEMLR review have been previously described and were consistently applied from 2016 to 2020. 12 Articles from the 2016 to 2020 GEMLR data sets were obtained by downloading the data sets which are available to the public online at www.gemlr.org. 16…”

Section: Data Source and Identification Of Gem Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global emergency medicine (GEM) is a relatively new, and rapidly growing, subspecialty bridging the fields of global health and emergency medicine (EM), which focuses on improving the science and practice of emergency care (EC) globally 12–14. It encompasses a wide breadth of topics including the development of the EM specialty and EC systems in areas where such systems do not exist as well as clinical care during humanitarian emergencies 12 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Authorship representation in global emergency medicine: a bibliometric analysis from 2016 to 2020

et al. 2022

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IntroductionHigh-income country (HIC) authors are disproportionately represented in authorship bylines compared with those affiliated with low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in global health research. An assessment of authorship representation in the global emergency medicine (GEM) literature is lacking but may inform equitable academic collaborations in this relatively new field.MethodsWe conducted a bibliometric analysis of original research articles reporting studies conducted in LMICs from the annual GEM Literature Review from 2016 to 2020. Data extracted included study topic, journal, study country(s) and region, country income classification, author order, country(s) of authors’ affiliations and funding sources. We compared the proportion of authors affiliated with each income bracket using Χ2 analysis. We conducted logistic regression to identify factors associated with first or last authorship affiliated with the study country.ResultsThere were 14 113 authors in 1751 articles. Nearly half (45.5%) of the articles reported work conducted in lower middle-income countries (MICs), 23.6% in upper MICs, 22.5% in low-income countries (LICs). Authors affiliated with HICs were most represented (40.7%); 26.4% were affiliated with lower MICs, 17.4% with upper MICs, 10.3% with LICs and 5.1% with mixed affiliations. Among single-country studies, those without any local authors (8.7%) were most common among those conducted in LICs (14.4%). Only 31.0% of first authors and 21.3% of last authors were affiliated with LIC study countries. Studies in upper MICs (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.6, 95% CI 2.46 to 5.26) and those funded by the study country (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 2.05 to 4.20) had greater odds of having a local first author.ConclusionsThere were significant disparities in authorship representation. Authors affiliated with HICs more commonly occupied the most prominent authorship positions. Recognising and addressing power imbalances in international, collaborative emergency medicine (EM) research is warranted. Innovative methods are needed to increase funding opportunities and other support for EM researchers in LMICs, particularly in LICs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Source and Identification Of Gem Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Source and Identification Of Gem Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Authorship representation in global emergency medicine: a bibliometric analysis from 2016 to 2020

et al. 2022

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Building a framework to decolonize global emergency medicine

Muchatuta,

Patel,

Gonzalez Marquez

et al. 2024

AEM Education and Training

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BackgroundGlobal emergency medicine (GEM) is situated at the intersection of global health and emergency medicine (EM), which is built upon a history of colonial systems and institutions that continue to reinforce inequities between high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) today. These power imbalances yield disparities in GEM practice, research, and education.ApproachThe Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine formed the Decolonizing GEM Working Group in 2020, which now includes over 100 worldwide members. The mission is to address colonial legacies in GEM and catalyze sustainable changes and recommendations toward decolonization at individual and institutional levels. To develop recommendations to decolonize GEM, the group conducted a nonsystematic review of existing literature on decolonizing global health, followed by in‐depth discussions between academics from LMICs and HICs to explore implications and challenges specific to GEM. We then synthesized actionable solutions to provide recommendations on decolonizing GEM.ResultsDespite the rapidly expanding body of literature on decolonizing global health, there is little guidance specific to the relatively new field of GEM. By applying decolonizing principles to GEM, we suggest key priorities for improving equity in academic GEM: (1) reframing partnerships to place LMIC academics in positions of expertise and power, (2) redirecting research funding toward LMIC‐driven projects and investigators, (3) creating more equitable practices in establishing authorship, and (4) upholding principles of decolonization in the education of EM trainees from LMICs and HICs.ConclusionsUnderstanding the colonial roots of GEM will allow us to look more critically at current health disparities and identify inequitable institutionalized practices within our profession that continue to uphold these misguided concepts. A decolonized future of GEM depends on our recognition and rectification of colonial‐era practices that shape structural determinants of health care delivery and scientific advancement.

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