Global energy consumption due to friction in paper machines

Holmberg, Kenneth; Siilasto, Roope; Laitinen, Tarja; Andersson, Peter; Jäsberg, Ari

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2013.02.003

Cited by 99 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We have earlier calculated the impact of friction on global energy consumption in passenger cars, trucks and buses, and paper machines, and the impact of both friction and wear in the mining industry [15,[17][18][19]. Our intention with this work is to assess the influence of friction and wear in energy consumption, economic losses, and CO 2 emissions worldwide in the four main energy consuming sectors: transportation, industry, energy industry, and residential, and then to estimate potential savings that can be gained by putting into use of new tribological solutions that came about during the last decade or so.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

2017

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Abstract:Calculations of the impact of friction and wear on energy consumption, economic expenditure, and CO 2 emissions are presented on a global scale. This impact study covers the four main energy consuming sectors: transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and residential. Previously published four case studies on passenger cars, trucks and buses, paper machines and the mining industry were included in our detailed calculations as reference data in our current analyses. The following can be concluded:-In total, ~23% (119 EJ) of the world's total energy consumption originates from tribological contacts. Of that 20% (103 EJ) is used to overcome friction and 3% (16 EJ) is used to remanufacture worn parts and spare equipment due to wear and wear-related failures.-By taking advantage of the new surface, materials, and lubrication technologies for friction reduction and wear protection in vehicles, machinery and other equipment worldwide, energy losses due to friction and wear could potentially be reduced by 40% in the long term (15 years)and by 18% in the short term (8 years). On global scale, these savings would amount to 1.4% of the GDP annually and 8.7% of the total energy consumption in the long term.-The largest short term energy savings are envisioned in transportation (25%) and in the power generation (20%) while the potential savings in the manufacturing and residential sectors are estimated to be ~10%. In the longer terms, the savings would be 55%, 40%, 25%, and 20%, respectively.-Implementing advanced tribological technologies can also reduce the CO 2 emissions globally by as much as 1,460 MtCO 2 and result in 450,000 million Euros cost savings in the short term. In the longer term, the reduction can be 3,140 MtCO 2 and the cost savings 970,000 million Euros.Fifty years ago, wear and wear-related failures were a major concern for UK industry and their mitigation was considered to be the major contributor to potential economic savings by as much as 95% in ten years by the development and deployment of new tribological solutions. The corresponding estimated savings are today still of the same orders but the calculated contribution to cost reduction is about 74% by friction reduction and to 26% from better wear protection. Overall, wear appears to be more critical than friction as it may result in catastrophic failures and operational breakdowns that can adversely impact productivity and hence cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions

2017

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“…The recent study shows that almost 30-35% of the power produced by the internal combustion engine of the vehicle wasted in the form of tribological losses [1], [2]. These losses increase the fuel consumption in the engine [3], [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Influence of SiO2 Nanoparticles on the Tribological and Rheological properties of SAE 40 Lubricating Oil

Chaudhary¹,

Singh²,

Chaudhary³

2017

IJET

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EXPERIMENTAL SETUPThe experiment was performed on the Pin on Disc wear and friction test rig (ASTM G99). The mild steel disc diameter 165 mm and thickness 10 mm was casted. The disc was superfinished by surface grinding and lapping, the surface rms value roughness checked by the surface roughness tester in the circumferential direction at an angle of 30 0 radial outward directions around 2 μm.The solid cylindrical pin of 10 mm diameter and length 32 mm made up of cast iron was casted. The face of the pin was made flat circular. The composition of the pin measured by spectroscopy came out to be C-3.51%, Cr-1.06%, Mn-0.56%, Si-2.97% Fe-91.9%. The length of the pin was kept such that the bending of pin would not occur.The lubricant used at the interface of materials during experiment was 15W40 (SAE 40) which is the standard lubricant for the Diesel engine. The kinematic viscosity of the lubricant measured by (ASTMD-445) came out to be 98.922 mPa·s and the density measured by (ASTMD-4052) came out to be 871.82 kg/m 3 at 40

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“…Influence of the chemical surface structure on the nanoscale friction in plasma nitrided and post-oxidized ferrous alloy M arcia Freislebem, 1 Caren M. Menezes, 1 Felipe Cemin, 1 Fernanda B. Costi, 1 Patrıcia A. Ferreira, 1 C esar Aguzzoli, 1 Israel J. R. Baumvol, 1,2 Fernando Alvarez, 3 and Carlos A. Friction is a ubiquitous phenomenon in everyday activities spanning from vehicles where efficient brakes are mandatory up to mechanical devices where its minimum effects are pursued for energy efficiency issues.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the energy efficiency is a crucial issue to save natural and economical resources, improving the lifetime of material systems, and developing intelligent materials and surfaces. [1][2][3] Energy efficiency is mainly relevant for mechanical systems where solid surfaces are in contact and the friction control is mandatory in order to diminish energy losses.…”

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“…As remarked above and from a tribological point, strength, toughness fracture, hardness, and elastic modulus are macroscopic properties that influence the friction coefficient by essentially adhesive and ploughing phenomena. 1 From a physicochemical point of view, the macroscopic properties cited above can be understood in terms of elementary interactions such as attractive forces (Van der Waals), strength and stiffness of chemical bonds, thermal (electrical) conductivities involving phonons coupling, and electronic band structures. 7 According to recent models considering elementary vibrational frequencies modes of bonded atoms forming the outermost layer of the material, the friction force due to vibrational damping is giving by F ¼ mgv, where g ¼ mx 4 /2pq C T 3 is the damping constant in the case of a single adsorbate 5 and g ?…”

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