Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Toh, Ming Ren; Ting, Evelyn Wong Yi; Hei, Sunny Wong; Tian, Alvin Ng Wei; Loo, Lit‐Hsin; Chow, Pierce Kah Hoe; Yie, Joanne Ngeow Yuen

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.033

Cited by 200 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Chronic hepatitis B and C, alcohol addiction, metabolic liver diseases (notably nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), as well as exposure to dietary toxins such as aflatoxins and aristolochic acid, are established risk factors for HCC [31,32]. Some liver diseases can imitate the invasive presentation of HCC, such as focal confluent fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, hepatic microabscesses, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and widespread metastatic disease (pseudocirrhosis) [33].…”

Section: Neoplastic Diffuse Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiobioinformatics: A novel bridge between basic research and clinical practice for clinical decision support in diffuse liver diseases

Lei

et al. 2023

iRADIOLOGY

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The liver is a multifaceted organ that is responsible for many critical functions encompassing amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, all of which make a healthy liver essential for the human body. Contemporary imaging methodologies have remarkable diagnostic accuracy in discerning focal liver lesions; however, a comprehensive understanding of diffuse liver diseases is a requisite for radiologists to accurately diagnose or predict the progression of such lesions within clinical contexts. Nonetheless, the conventional attributes of radiological features, including morphology, size, margin, density, signal intensity, and echoes, limit their clinical utility. Radiomics is a widely used approach that is characterized by the extraction of copious image features from radiographic depictions, which gives it considerable potential in addressing this limitation. It is worth noting that functional or molecular alterations occur significantly prior to the morphological shifts discernible by imaging modalities. Consequently, the explication of potential mechanisms by multiomics analyses (encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) is essential for investigating putative signal pathway regulations from a radiological viewpoint. In this review, we elaborate on the principal pathological categorizations of diffuse liver diseases, the evaluation of multiomics approaches pertaining to diffuse liver diseases, and the prospective value of predictive models. Accordingly, the overarching objective of this review is to scrutinize the interrelations between radiological features and bioinformatics as well as to consider the development of prediction models predicated on radiobioinformatics as integral components of clinical decision support systems for diffuse liver diseases.

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Section: Neoplastic Diffuse Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiobioinformatics: A novel bridge between basic research and clinical practice for clinical decision support in diffuse liver diseases

Lei

et al. 2023

iRADIOLOGY

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“…[3] Moreover, approximately 747,000 HCC cases were reported globally in 2019, showing a 70% increase in HCC incidence since 1990, and HCC was also responsible for 480,000 deaths. [4] HCC has a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of <20%. The Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) staging system, [5] proposed by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), is an algorithm that shows appropriate options for managing HCC at various stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with late hepatocellular carcinoma detection in patients undergoing regular surveillance

et al. 2023

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a very poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of < 20%; hence, early diagnosis is crucial. Despite regular checkups for high-risk groups of HCC, there are a few cases in which it is discovered as a late-stage HCC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with delayed HCC detection during regular surveillance. Between January 2010 and December 2020, we analyzed patients with newly diagnosed HCCs who underwent HCC surveillance by ultrasound or computed tomography scan at least twice and were followed up for more than 1 year for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and chronic liver disease. The mean age of 223 HCC patients was 70 years, of which 152 were male, accounting for 68.1%. Among them, 196 patients (87%) were diagnosed with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage 0 or A, while 27 (13%) were diagnosed with Barcelona clinic liver cancer stages B and C. When classified according to the TNM criteria, 154 patients (69%) were in stage I, and 69 (31%) were in stage II or higher. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for patients diagnosed with late-stage HCC. The Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score was identified as a highly significant factor (P = .002, HR 1.547, 95% CI 1.177–2.032), whereas the presence of cirrhosis, body mass index, and sex had no significant effect. We found that in patients with chronic liver disease who were screened regularly, those with higher CTP scores were more likely to be diagnosed with HCC in the late-stages. Therefore, although the presence of cirrhosis is also important for HCC surveillance, careful attention is needed in patients with high CTP scores.

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“…Globally, it ranks sixth in terms of cancer incidence and third in terms of cancer-related mortality . Notably, the incidence rate of HCC is steadily rising, and it is projected to reach one million cases by 2025. , Despite significant research advancements, effective systemic therapies that substantially improve survival were lacking until recently. Furthermore, up to 70% of patients experience disease recurrence after curative-intent therapy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

hccTAAb Atlas: An Integrated Knowledge Database for Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Li,

Wang,

Sun

et al. 2023

J. Proteome Res.

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Tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) have demonstrated potential as biomarkers for cancer detection. However, the understanding of their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains limited. In this study, we aimed to systematically collect and standardize information about these TAAbs and establish a comprehensive database as a platform for in-depth research. A total of 170 TAAbs were identified from published papers retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Following normative reannotation, these TAAbs were referred to as 162 official symbols. The hccTAAb (tumor-associated autoantibodies in hepatocellular carcinoma) atlas was developed using the R Shiny framework and incorporating literature-based and multiomics data sets. This comprehensive online resource provides key information such as sensitivity, specificity, and additional details such as official symbols, official full names, UniProt, NCBI, HPA, neXtProt, and aliases through hyperlinks. Additionally, hccTAAb offers six analytical modules for visualizing expression profiles, survival analysis, immune infiltration, similarity analysis, DNA methylation, and DNA mutation analysis. Overall, the hccTAAb Atlas provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying TAAb and has the potential to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of HCC using autoantibodies. The hccTAAb Atlas is freely accessible at https:// nscc.v.zzu.edu.cn/hccTAAb/.

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Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 200 publications

References 199 publications

Radiobioinformatics: A novel bridge between basic research and clinical practice for clinical decision support in diffuse liver diseases

Radiobioinformatics: A novel bridge between basic research and clinical practice for clinical decision support in diffuse liver diseases

Risk factors associated with late hepatocellular carcinoma detection in patients undergoing regular surveillance

hccTAAb Atlas: An Integrated Knowledge Database for Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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