Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection

Abstract

The treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has the potential to change significantly over the next few years as therapeutic regimens are rapidly evolving. However, the burden of chronic infection has not been quantified at the global level using the most recent data. Updated estimates of HCV prevalence, viremia and genotypes are critical for developing strategies to manage or eliminate HCV infection. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was conducted for anti-HCV prevalence, viraemic prevalence and genotypes for all countries. Studies were included based on how well they could be extrapolated to the general population, sample size and the age of the study. Available country estimates were used to develop regional and global estimates. Eighty-seven countries reported anti-HCV prevalence, while HCV viraemic rates were available for fifty-four countries. Total global viraemic HCV infections were estimated at 80 (64-103) million infections. Genotype distribution was available for ninety-eight countries. Globally, genotype 1 (G1) was the most common (46%), followed by G3 (22%), G2 (13%), and G4 (13%). In conclusion, the total number of HCV infections reported here are lower than previous estimates. The exclusion of data from earlier studies conducted at the peak of the HCV epidemic, along with adjustments for reduced prevalence among children, are likely contributors. The results highlight the need for more robust surveillance studies to quantify the HCV disease burden more accurately.

Evaluation of Drug Induced Liver Injury in Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Coinfection by Liver Fibrosis Index Score

“…Our results are comparable with results of other investigator who found that the onset of DILI ranged from 13 days to 58 days (median, 26 days) after initiation of treatment [36]. And in another study, the median latent period for developing DILI was found to be 19 [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] days [37].…”

“…WHO estimates that 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV and that more than 170 million chronic carriers are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer [9]. In Egypt, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer [10]. Hepatitis B is also one of the major health problems.…”

Immune and myodegenerative pathomechanisms in inclusion body myositis

“…The increasing incidence of IBM in Japan is in strong contrast to the decreasing incidence in HCV infections 66, 67, 68. Moreover, countries with relatively high incidence rates of HCV infections belong to the regions that are stricken the least by IBM 26, 30, 61, 69, 70, 71. It is conceivable that nonpersistent contact with a pathogen suffices to trigger autoimmunity 72.…”

Baseline dasabuvir resistance in Hepatitis C virus from the genotypes 1, 2 and 3 and modeling of the NS5B-dasabuvir complex by thein silicoapproach

“…HCV infection is one of the major reasons for chronic liver diseases and if not treated on time, often leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is estimated that approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with HCV worldwide [2]. HCV is classified into 7 genotypes (GTs), the most common GT globally being GTs 1 and 3 [3].…”