Global Epidemiology, Etiology, and Treatment

The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory: A validation study

“…Second, regarding criterion validity, the PAI, as hypothesized, was related to fatigue, considerations for a major life change, and beliefs about how widespread the virus was in the respondent's locality. The PAI was related, in the expected direction, to social support, being female, financial strain, job insecurity, job loss, hospitalization and death of someone close, and other traumatic events (García-Fernández et al, 2021;Gonzalez-Saenz de Tejada et al, 2017;Khoury et al, 2021;Lahav, 2020;Masiero et al, 2020;Racine et al, 2021;Rückholdt et al, 2021;Rudenstine et al, 2021;Solomou and Constantinidou, 2020;Wang et al, 2021;Wittenborn et al, 2020).…”

“…Other criterion-related hypotheses were also based on the anxiety literature. We hypothesized that the PAI would be negatively related to the male sex (García-Fernández et al, 2021), age (Solomou and Constantinidou, 2020; Wittenborn et al, 2020), and financial resources (Racine et al, 2021; Rudenstine et al, 2021). We also hypothesized that the PAI would be associated with COVID-related and non-COVID-related traumatic stress (Lahav, 2020; Masiero et al, 2020) and sleep problems (Jahrami et al, 2021; Wang et al, 2021).…”