Global Epidemiology of Vaccine-preventable Bacterial Meningitis

Syrogiannopoulos, George A.; Michoula, Aspasia N.; Grivea, Ioanna N.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003629

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In the 1980s, pathogens like H. influenzae type b, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae were responsible for over 80% of childhood bacterial meningitis cases (23). The incidence of this condition varies by geographic region and is notably higher among pediatric populations (24). Recent data from the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Amazonas reveals vaccination coverage rates for meningococcal C conjugate, pneumococcal, and triple bacterial vaccines for children under 1 year falling below 80%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric central nervous system infections in the Amazon: clinical and laboratory profiles

Marinho,

Ferreira,

Barrionuevo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity in children, and they are related to severe problems such as hearing loss, neurological sequelae, and death. The objective was to describe clinical and laboratory exam profiles of children who were diagnosed with CNS infections.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study based on medical records, which included pediatric patients aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a clinical suspicion of CNS infection between January 2014 to December 2019. The pathogens were confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using Gram staining, cell culture, molecular diagnostics (PCR and qPCR), and serology.ResultsOut of the 689 enrolled patients, 108 (15.6%) had laboratory-confirmed infections in CSF. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated from the culture were Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in 19, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11, and Haemophilus influenzae in seven samples. The viruses identified were Enterovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein–Barr virus, and arbovirus. No patient was found to be positive for Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. Patients with viral infections showed altered levels of consciousness (p = 0.001) when compared to bacterial infections.ConclusionThis study shows the presence of important vaccine-preventable pathogens, and different families of viruses causing CNS infections in the pediatric patients of Manaus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric central nervous system infections in the Amazon: clinical and laboratory profiles

Marinho,

Ferreira,

Barrionuevo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The annual incidence of acute bacterial meningitis is 2-5 per 100,000 people in developed countries, and it is ten times more common in less developed countries [2], primarily affecting children and the elderly [3]. After meningitis, several long-term consequences may develop, such as chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances, emotional, behavioural and motor disorders, cognitive dysfunction, hearing impairment, astheno-neurotic syndrome and developmental delay in children [1,2].…”

Section: огляди літератури / Literature Reviews Connection Of the Pub...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Щорічна захворюваність на гострі бактеріальні менінгіти становить 2-5 на 100 000 осіб у розвинутих країнах, а в менш розвинених країнах -в десятки разів частіше [2], найбільше вражаючи дітей та осіб похилого віку [3]. Після перенесеного менінгіту, можуть розвинутися ряд віддалених наслідків, таких як хронічна втома, порушення сну, емоційні, поведінкові та рухові розлади, когнітивна дисфункція, порушення слуху, астено-невротичний синдром та затримка розвитку у дітей [1,2].…”

Section: огляди літератури / Literature Reviews звʼязок публікації з ...unclassified

Meningeal Syndrome: Diagnostic Algorithm, Treatment Tactics

Zdor,

Iziumska,

Lymarenko

et al. 2023

VPBM

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Вісник проблем біології і медицини -2023 -Вип. 3 (170) / Bulletin of problems in biology and medicine -2023 -Issue 3 (170) 39 ОГЛЯДИ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ / LITERATURE REVIEWSIn particular, modern criteria for choosing a therapeutic strategy, the main problems that accompany therapy, and factors that affect patient compliance are analyzed by the authors.According to current guidelines, the first line therapy usually includes the administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid orally or rectally, followed by evaluation of clinical efficacy. In a case of insufficient effectiveness, almost all schemes involve corticosteroid's administration (topically or systemically depending on the severity of the disease). The main problem remains the high risk of glucocorticoids side effects. In case of ineffectiveness or insufficient effectiveness of steroid therapy or colectomy, second-line therapy may be recommended -calcineurin inhibitors (CsA, tacrolimus) and infliximab. It should be noted that, unfortunately, only about a quarter of patients respond to therapy with these medicines. The cytostatic methotrexate is also considered as a medication for therapy maintening in certain cases, especially in patients with intolerance to other immunosuppressants.In conclusion, nowadays, ulcerative colitis has a high prevalence in the population, which requires constant improvement of the medical correction ways. The latter is due to the fact that, despite the rather wide arsenal of medicines used for the ulcerative colitis therapy, they cannot provide effective and safe treatment of the disease in a number of cases. This dictates the urgent need to find and research new methods of pharmacotherapy.

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“…The primary causes of bacterial meningitis associated with hearing loss, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae , have had multivalent vaccines introduced in 2010 and 2000, respectively, which has changed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis 1 . After introduction of the H. influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine and the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), the overall rate of pneumococcal and Hib meningitis was observed to fall 2 . Worldwide, these vaccines have helped decrease mortality from invasive Hib and S. pneumoniae disease 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 After introduction of the H. influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), the overall rate of pneumococcal and Hib meningitis was observed to fall. 2 Worldwide, these vaccines have helped decrease mortality from invasive Hib and S. pneumoniae disease. 3 Despite this, mortality from pneumococcal meningitis has remained stable over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in Rates of Hearing Loss From Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Over Time: A Database Review

Gitomer,

Boguniewicz,

Tong

et al. 2024

The Laryngoscope

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ObjectivesBacterial meningitis is a leading cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Treatment and prevention of bacterial meningitis have improved over time, but rates of neurologic complications have not been recently studied. The objective here is to present an updated population‐based review of hearing loss as a sequela of bacterial meningitis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2010 and 2022 of children discharged with bacterial meningitis, using the Pediatric Health Information System's (PHIS) database. Rates of hearing loss and mortality were evaluated over time.ResultsA total of 6138 children with a primary diagnosis of bacterial meningitis were identified (3520 male [57.3%], mean age 5.8 months [2.0, 61.2]). Of these, 277 (4.51%) were diagnosed with hearing loss. Children with hearing loss were significantly older (23.6 vs. 5.3 months, p < 0.01), but differences in gender, race, or ethnicity had no association with hearing loss. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningiditis were associated with significantly higher rates of hearing loss than other etiologies (p < 0.01). Children with hearing loss had a higher rate of receiving dexamethasone than children without hearing loss. Overall mortality rate was 2.1%. Hearing loss and mortality demonstrated significant decreases over the study period.ConclusionHearing loss remains a common sequela of bacterial meningitis despite widespread uptake of vaccines for preventing S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis. Dexamethasone was not associated with decreased rates of hearing loss in this cohort. From 2010 to 2022, there was a significant decrease in overall rates of mortality and hearing loss for children with bacterial meningitis.Level of EvidenceLevel 3: retrospective case–control series Laryngoscope, 2024

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Global Epidemiology of Vaccine-preventable Bacterial Meningitis

Abstract: The ESPID Reports and Reviews of Pediatric Infectious Diseases series topics, authors and contents are chosen and approved independently by the Editorial Board of ESPID.

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Pediatric central nervous system infections in the Amazon: clinical and laboratory profiles

Pediatric central nervous system infections in the Amazon: clinical and laboratory profiles

Meningeal Syndrome: Diagnostic Algorithm, Treatment Tactics

Decrease in Rates of Hearing Loss From Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Over Time: A Database Review

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