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Documents inA second important channel, which typically goes under the name of Portfolio Balance Channel, works through the effect that monetary policy operations have on risk premia. For instance, according to preferred habitat models, following surprises in purchases of long term Treasury bonds by the central bank, investors will be forced to hold smaller positions in long term bonds and bear less duration risk, which in turn will lead to a decrease in risk premia and an increase in bond prices.Therefore, monetary policy shocks associated with the portfolio balance channel should have an impact both on the active and on the passive reallocation of investors.
ECB Working Paper No 2116 / December 2017 2Our main findings show that the ECB monetary policy did not lead to significant active reallocation in the portfolio of euro area fund investors. Instead, our empirical findings provide robust evidence that the class of fund investors are affected by monetary policy mainly through the impact it has on asset prices and exchange rates by changing expectations of future interest rates (the signalling channel). The significant valuation effects associated with these price movements passively shifted the asset allocation of euro area fund investors towards riskier securities, like funds investing in European and Emerging Market equity, and away from European bond funds. These effects are more pronounced for unconventional measures, such as the Asset Purchase Programme (APP).Overall, our empirical evidence is consistent with monetary policy affecting unsophisticated investors' behaviour via the signalling channel, rather than the portfolio balance channel. Our results are also consistent with the empirical evidence on the behaviour of investors in mutual funds, who are generally reluctant to sell past winners, and the growing literature on rational inattention, predicting that unsophisticated investors adjust their portfolios only rarely.