2017
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186488
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Global genotype flow in Cercospora beticola populations confirmed through genotyping-by-sequencing

Abstract: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was conducted on 333 Cercospora isolates collected from Beta vulgaris (sugar beet, table beet and swiss chard) in the USA and Europe. Cercospora beticola was confirmed as the species predominantly isolated from leaves with Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) symptoms. However, C. cf. flagellaris also was detected at a frequency of 3% in two table beet fields in New York. Resolution of the spatial structure and identification of clonal lineages in C. beticola populations using genome-wide … Show more

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Cited by 27 publications
(27 citation statements)
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References 85 publications
(138 reference statements)
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“…For example, C. beticola is heterothallic with two alternate forms of the mating-type genes (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) that must be present for mating to occur [54][55][56][57]. Studies conducted in New York table beet fields have depicted equal distributions of the two alternate mating-type alleles, suggesting the presence of cryptic sex in the lifecycle of C. beticola in the region [58,59] similar to the other areas reported above. Moreover, characterization of C. beticola populations in these fields using microsatellite markers [53,58] and genotype-by-sequencing [59] have quantified high genotypic diversity and linkage equilibrium of loci, providing further evidence in favor of sexual recombination within local populations.…”
Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotsupporting
confidence: 52%
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“…For example, C. beticola is heterothallic with two alternate forms of the mating-type genes (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) that must be present for mating to occur [54][55][56][57]. Studies conducted in New York table beet fields have depicted equal distributions of the two alternate mating-type alleles, suggesting the presence of cryptic sex in the lifecycle of C. beticola in the region [58,59] similar to the other areas reported above. Moreover, characterization of C. beticola populations in these fields using microsatellite markers [53,58] and genotype-by-sequencing [59] have quantified high genotypic diversity and linkage equilibrium of loci, providing further evidence in favor of sexual recombination within local populations.…”
Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotsupporting
confidence: 52%
“…This finding indicates a shift towards resistance in the population typical of quantitative resistance demonstrated in other plant pathogens to demethylation inhibitors [67]. Resistance to demethylation inhibitor fungicides has also been reported in C. beticola populations found on sugar beet [68][69][70] including on sugar beet in Ontario, Canada [71], which shares high similarity to the C. beticola population in New York [59]. This suggests that long-term use and dependence on fungicides in this class as the central tenet of a disease management program is unsustainable.…”
Section: Diseases Affecting Foliar Health-cercospora Leaf Spotmentioning
confidence: 60%
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“…Indications of sexual recombination have been described for C. beticola populations based on the presence of both mating types in equilibrium, high genotypic diversity, and gametic equilibrium, but no teleomorph has been identified (Groenewald et al 2008;Vaghefi et al 2016Vaghefi et al , 2017a. Each population in this study contained both mating types but only two of the six populations exhibited equilibrium, which is an indication of random mating (Milgroom 1996).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 68%
“…For example, resistance within C. beticola populations from sugar beet has been reported for benzimidazoles (Bugbee 1996;Dovas et al 1976;Georgopoulos and Dovas 1973;Ruppel and Scott 1974;Weiland and Halloin 2001), demethylation inhibitors (Bolton et al 2012a, b;Karaoglanidis et al 2000Karaoglanidis et al , 2001Karaoglanidis et al , 2002, and triphenyl tin hydroxide (Bugbee 1996;Giannopolitis 1978;Giannopolitis and Chrysayi-Tokousbalides 1980). The high risk of developing fungicide resistance within C. beticola populations is a direct function of the broad genotypic and genetic diversity and the potential for recombination (Bolton et al 2012c;Groenewald et al 2007Groenewald et al , 2008Moretti et al 2006;Vaghefi et al 2016Vaghefi et al , 2017a.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%