GLOBAL GLACIAL ISOSTASY AND THE SURFACE OF THE ICE-AGE EARTH: The ICE-5G (VM2) Model and GRACE

Peltier, W. R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.32.082503.144359

Cited by 2,541 publications

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“…We also examined how the balance of TOA energy terms evolve as the ice sheet itself evolves using a reconstruction of the last deglaciation (Peltier 2004). We find that in the case of a White Plain, both the size of the outgoing radiation anomaly over the ice sheet and the compensating incoming flux over the SH vary linearly with the area of the ice sheet.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Mountains and White Plains: The Effect of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets on the Global Energy Budget

Roberts

Valdes

2017

Journal of Climate

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. ABSTRACTThe changes in the global energy budget in response to imposing an ice sheet's topography, albedo, or topography and albedo combined are examined. The albedo of the ice sheet (here called a ''White Plain'') causes an outgoing top of the atmosphere radiation anomaly over the ice sheet that is balanced by an incoming anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere. This causes a northward transport of heat across the equator that is carried equally by the ocean and atmosphere. The topography of the ice sheet (''Green Mountain'') causes an incoming radiation anomaly over the ice sheet that is balanced predominantly by an outgoing anomaly to the south of the ice sheet, with a smaller outgoing flux in the Southern Hemisphere. The heat is transported across the equator by the atmosphere alone. The combined topography and albedo of the ice sheet (''White Mountain'') cause an outgoing radiation anomaly over the ice sheet that is balanced equally by an incoming flux in the Southern Hemisphere and to the south of the ice sheet. Heat is transported across the equator by the ocean alone.With varying ice sheet geometry generally linear relationships between the various energy fluxes and the varying height and area of the ice sheet are found. In both the White Plain and White Mountain cases the ocean is always a significant carrier of heat across the equator, and in the White Mountain case it is preeminent.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We derive our boundary conditions from the ICE-5G (VM2) model reconstruction of the ice sheets (Peltier 2004). Unless otherwise indicated, boundary conditions are for preindustrial values.…”

Section: Model Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Mountains and White Plains: The Effect of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets on the Global Energy Budget

Roberts

Valdes

2017

Journal of Climate

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“…A data-gap exists in the Red Sea LGM record due to an indurated 16.6 n/r 78.6 n/r n/r 22.3 n/r 121.5 n/r ICE-4G (Peltier, 1994(Peltier, , 1996 (LGM at 21 ka) i 24.86 j n/r 64.24 n/r 6.38 k n/r 18.09 n/r 114.12 n/r ICE-5G v.1.2 (Peltier, 2004) (LGM at 26 ka) i 22.73 j n/r 83.71 n/r 2.45 k n/r 18.04 n/r 127.48 n/r ICE-6G v.2 (Argus et al, 2014;Peltier et al, 2015) (LGM at 26 ka) i 22.23 j n/r 88.14 n/r 2.34 k n/r 13.23 n/r 126.81 n/r Siegert et al, 2001 (LGM at~20 ka) 14 n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r van den LGM at~25 ka)~22 n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r Patton et al, 2016 (LGM at~22 ka) 17 n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r…”

Section: Red Sea and Mediterranean Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Rohling

Hibbert

Williams

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

100

115

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Arctic ice shelf Last Interglacial Glacioisostatic adjustment a b s t r a c t Studies of past glacial cycles yield critical information about climate and sea-level (ice-volume) variability, including the sensitivity of climate to radiative change, and impacts of crustal rebound on sealevel reconstructions for past interglacials. Here we identify significant differences between the last and penultimate glacial maxima (LGM and PGM) in terms of global volume and distribution of land ice, despite similar temperatures and radiative forcing. Our analysis challenges conventional views of relationships between global ice volume, sea level, seawater oxygen isotope values, and deep-sea temperature, and supports the potential presence of large floating Arctic ice shelves during the PGM. The existence of different glacial 'modes' calls for focussed research on the complex processes behind ice-age development. We present a glacioisostatic assessment to demonstrate how a different PGM ice-sheet configuration might affect sea-level estimates for the last interglacial. Results suggest that this may alter existing last interglacial sea-level estimates, which often use an LGM-like ice configuration, by several metres (likely upward).

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“…In order to improve the simulation of the land surface hydrology and vegetation cover, new parameterizations for canopy interception and soil evaporation have been implemented into the land component 73 [78][79][80] . In addition, the 38 ka BP ICE-5G continental ice-sheet distribution has been implemented 76 . The MIS3 baseline simulation was initialized with the final state of our LGM simulation and integrated for another 2100 years.…”

Section: Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate

Mohtadi

Prange

Oppo

et al. 2014

Nature

252

228

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The response of the tropical climate in the Indian Ocean realm to abrupt climate change events in the North Atlantic Ocean is contentious. Repositioning of the intertropical convergence zone is thought to have been responsible for changes in tropical hydroclimate during North Atlantic cold spells 1-5 , but the dearth of high-resolution records outside the monsoon realm in the Indian Ocean precludes a full understanding of this remote relationship and its underlying mechanisms. Here we show that slowdowns of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich stadials and the Younger Dryas stadial affected the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate through changes to the Hadley circulation including a southward shift in the rising branch (the intertropical convergence zone) and an overall weakening over the southern Indian Ocean. Our results are based on new, high-resolution sea surface temperature and seawater oxygen isotope records of well dated sedimentary archives from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean for the past 45,000 years, combined with climate model simulations of Atlantic circulation slowdown under Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 boundary conditions. Similar conditions in the east and west of the basin rule out a zonal dipole structure as the dominant forcing of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate of millennial-scale events. Results from our simulations and proxy data suggest dry conditions in the northern Indian Ocean realm and wet and warm conditions in the southern realm during North Atlantic cold spells.In the North Atlantic, the most recent glacial and deglacial periods are characterized by a series of abrupt and severe cold snaps of millennial duration associated with either iceberg instabilities and surges (Heinrich events) or freshwater input from the Arctic Ocean 6 (the Younger Dryas). These abrupt events are of particular interest because they were rapidly communicated through the ocean by a slowdown, or potentially a shutdown, of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 7 (AMOC) and through the atmospheric circulation 8 causing climate anomalies worldwide. Climate archives document a significant tropical hydrologic response to these events. Dry Younger Dryas and Heinrich stadials have been reported from various marine and terrestrial archives across the tropical Indian Ocean 4,9-14 .However, a few records suggest wet Younger Dryas or Heinrich stadials over northeast Australia 15 , southern Indonesia 5,16 and southeast Africa 12,17 . Although there seems to be strong evidence that the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) moved southwards in the tropical Atlantic 2 , a wide range of mechanisms have been offered to explain the connection between the cooling of the North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimates: a weakening of the rainfall system in response to regional sea surface cooling 13,14 ; and changes in the monsoon intensity 4,10,16 associated with a southward shift in the mean 1 or winter 4,5,15 position of the ITCZ or in the position of oceanic fronts 18 .How...

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GLOBAL GLACIAL ISOSTASY AND THE SURFACE OF THE ICE-AGE EARTH: The ICE-5G (VM2) Model and GRACE

Cited by 2,541 publications

References 92 publications

Green Mountains and White Plains: The Effect of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets on the Global Energy Budget

Green Mountains and White Plains: The Effect of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets on the Global Energy Budget

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate

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