Global governance for climate justice: A cross-national analysis of CO2 emissions

Hargrove, Andrew; Qandeel, Mais; Sommer, Jamie

doi:10.1016/j.glt.2019.11.001

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is surprising that INGOs fail to reach levels of statistical significance as a relationship between these variables has been established in previous research (Shandra et al 2004), however; other research has shown that this effect varies by levels of FDI stocks and level of economic development and may not impact CO2 emissions on its own (Jorgenson and Dick 2010;Longhofer and Jorgenson 2017). Moreover, we find that population is not associated with CO2 emissions, which diverges from more recent previous research (Hargrove et al 2019;Jorgenson 2012;Jorgenson and Dick 2010), but converges with older research (Shandra et al 2004), perhaps due to the disaggregation of population into urban and rural population (Jorgenson, Dick, and Shandra 2011). Also diverging from previous research, we find that agricultural activities are not associated with lower levels of CO2 emissions (Gani 2012).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…While previous research has not investigated the impact of government spending as a whole on CO2 emissions some studies find evidence that other state factors like governance and democracy reduce CO2 emissions (Gani et al 2012;Wang, Zhang, and Wang 2018;Neumayer 2002;Gallagher and Thacker 2008;Page and Redclift 2002), though these results are also mixed (Hargrove, Qandeel, and Sommer 2019;Li and Reuveny 2006;Scruggs 1999;2001;Ergas and York 2012;Shandra et al 2004;Jorgenson 2009;. Others find that military expenditures increase CO2 emissions (Bradford and Stoner 2017;Clark, Jorgenson, and Kentor 2010;Jorgenson, Clark, and Kentor 2010).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use two-way fixed effects regression with clustered robust standard errors to analyze the data (Hargrove et al 2019). This is the most appropriate modeling technique for several reasons.…”

Section: Modeling Technique and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no country years for which standardized residuals exceeded an absolute value of 3, indicating no potential problems with outliers (Frees 2004). While it is difficult to ensure the models are not in violation of specification error, we have aimed to include a similar number of independent variables and specific factors based on recent research that uses similar modeling during the time period the data are available for (Hargrove et al 2019). Finally, endogeneity can be problematic when one of the independent variables is jointly determined with the dependent variable being explained (Sommer et al 2020;Wooldridge 2015).…”

Section: Modeling Technique and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…jwsr.pitt.edu | DOI 10.5195/JWSR.2020.998 the country is often held up as the essential force to enforce and enact strategies to overcome climate change, generally by focusing on reducing their CO2 emissions, which has been the center of international conferences and treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreement (Sommer 2018;Hargrove et al 2019). Following these global initiatives, which have their own dominant political agendas and narratives, countries were invited to strengthen their own and other country's abilities to limit global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius through better environmental governance and capacity building initiatives (Gareau 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Power and Politics in the World-System

Sommer

Hargrove

2020

JWSR

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While various researchers and practitioners agree that it will be hard to restructure our current global and local systems to adapt to and mitigate climate change, there is unsurprisingly great disagreement in how and if this can be accomplished and on what level(s), or if this is even what needs to be accomplished. These conversations have continued with the introduction of the “Anthropocene.” The dominant interpretation of the concept poses several solutions, one being national government restructuring to support environmental efforts and encouraging behavioral change. To join conversations that critically evaluate the conceptualization and implications of the Anthropocene with the world-systems perspective, we consider how the effectiveness of national environmental governance in reducing CO2 emissions varies by a country’s position in the global hierarchy. Using two-way fixed effects regression, this article tests how one aspect of this environmental governance, environmentally related taxes as a percentage of total tax revenue impacts CO2 emissions for 75 countries from 2000 to 2011. Given inequities in the global division of labor, which reinforce the dominance of higher-income countries and the exploitation of lower-income countries, we expect the effectiveness of environmental governance to vary tremendously by global position. Our results support the idea that the impact of environmental governance on CO2 emissions varies across countries at different income levels in the world-system, and this is due to external constraints. Such external influence is unsurprisingly neglected in dominant interpretations of the Anthropocene. In line with previous critical research, we argue that these external constraints undermine climate change solutions because they fail to address mutually reinforcing global, political, economic, and environmental inequalities.

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