Global greenhouse vegetable production systems are hotspots of soil N2O emissions and nitrogen leaching: A meta-analysis

Qasim, Waqas; Xia, Longlong; Lin, Shan; Wan, Li; Zhao, Yu-Guo; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116372

Cited by 123 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Moreover, estimates of plant N uptake, nitrogen leaching losses, and soil N 2 O emissions are based on measurements carried in the frame of the same experiment (Lv et al 2019;Zhao et al 2021a). Measuring denitrification is rather difficult task in the field and previous studies used un-accounted for N in mass balance approaches to estimate N-losses via denitrification at 35-40 % (Castaldelli et al 2020;Qasim et al 2021;Ti et al 2015). These estimates are slightly lower than our estimated N losses via denitrification, which was about 50 % (36 -80 %; Table 3) across all treatments.…”

Section: Effects Of Water Fertilizer and Straw Management On Soil Denitrificationcontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…We even found some evidence that straw addition may result in the reduction of soil mineral N stocks. This is a rather positive message, given that the mineral nitrogen present in these soils still far exceeds plant demand which in some studies has already been shown to diminish crop yields due to N salinization effects (Qasim et al 2021). Furthermore, straw also significantly reduces nitrogen leaching losses (Lv et al 2019) which may not only be used to increase soil respiration and to increase soil C stocks but also for the restoration of greenhouse soils due to over-fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, traditional flood irrigation is usually used, which is up to 1200-1600 mm per year and is 2-3 times higher than plant demand (Lv et al 2019). This practice promotes high N leaching losses, resulting in the contamination of groundwater with nitrate (Lv et al 2019;Qasim et al 2021;Zhu et al 2005), and leading to major health risks for the local population. In the vegetable production areas of Shandong province, China, 70-80 % of well water taken from as deep as 110 m exceeded the NO 3 − drinking water standard (above 10 mg N L −1 ) (Lin et al 2011;Zhu et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the vegetable production areas of Shandong province, China, 70-80 % of well water taken from as deep as 110 m exceeded the NO 3 − drinking water standard (above 10 mg N L −1 ) (Lin et al 2011;Zhu et al 2005). The conventional farmer practices drive not only high nitrate leaching but also high N losses from soils in the gaseous phase, partially in the form of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (Qasim et al 2021;Yao et al 2019;Zhao et al 2021a, b). To mitigate the environmental impacts, alternative fertilizer and water management practices have been proposed, including the reduction of N application and irrigation rates and/ or the use of drip fertigation schemes, which have been shown to reduce environmental N losses from greenhouse vegetable systems (Liang et al 2020;Yao et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

et al. 2021

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Background About 30 % of vegetables in China are produced in intensively managed greenhouses comprising flood irrigation and extreme rates of nitrogen fertilizers. Little is known about denitrification N losses. Methods Soil denitrification rates were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique applied to anaerobically incubated soil samples. Four different greenhouse management systems were differentiated: Conventional flood irrigation and over-fertilization (CIF, 800 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); CIF plus straw incorporation (CIF+S, 889 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer application rates (DIF, 314 kg N ha−1, 190 mm); DIF plus straw incorporation (DIF+S, 403 kg N ha−1, 190 mm). Soil denitrification was measured on nine sampling dates during the growing season (Feb 2019-May 2019) for the top-/ subsoil (0 – 20/ 20- 40 cm) and on three sampling dates for deep soils (40-60/ 80-100 cm). Data was used to constrain N-input-output balances of the different vegetable production systems. Results Rates of denitrification were at least one magnitude higher in topsoil than in sub- and deep soils. Total seasonal denitrification N losses for the 0 – 40 cm soil layer ranged from 76 (DIF) to 422 kg N ha−1 (CIF+S). Straw addition stimulated soil denitrification in top- and subsoil, but not in deep soil layers. Integrating our denitrification data (0-100 cm) with additional data on N leaching, N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and NH3 volatilization showed, that on average 50 % of added N fertilizers are lost due to denitrification. Conclusions Denitrification is likely the dominant environmental N loss pathway in greenhouse vegetable production systems. Reducing irrigation and fertilizer application rates while incorporating straw in soils allows the reduction of accumulated nitrate.

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Section: Effects Of Water Fertilizer and Straw Management On Soil Denitrificationcontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

et al. 2021

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“…In the Mediterranean Basin, there are an estimated 200,000 ha of greenhouses [1], of which there are approximately 100,000 ha in southern Europe [3], 50,000 ha in Turkey [4] and 24,000 ha in Morocco [5]. There are 4 million ha in China [6]. The vast majority of these greenhouses crop in soil [2,3,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Portable Rapid Analysis System to Measure Nitrate Concentration of Nutrient and Soil Solution, and Plant Sap in Greenhouse Vegetable Production

et al. 2021

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A rapid analysis ion-selective electrode (ISE) system for measurement of [NO3−] in nutrient solution (NS), soil solution (SS) and petiole sap (PS) was evaluated. For each material, there were 797–2010 samples from 5 to 6 different crops, and from 2 to 4 different species. Accuracy was evaluated by linear regression (LR) with laboratory analysis (automated colorimetry, Cd reduction), and by relative error (RE), the average percentage deviation from laboratory analysis. For NS, the LR was y = 0.982x + 0.76, R² = 0.962 (n = 2010), for combined data from 5 crops (3 pepper, 2 cucumber). For SS, the LR was y = 0.975x + 1.13, R² = 0.965 (n = 797), for combined data from 5 crops (3 pepper, 2 cucumber). For undiluted PS, the LR relationship was y = 0.742x + 168.02, R² = 0.892 (n = 1425), for combined data from 6 crops (3 pepper, 2 cucumber, 1 melon). The underestimation was most pronounced at [NO3−] of >1500 mg NO3−–N L−1. For diluted petiole sap (dilution by 10 for pepper and melon, 5 for other species), the LR relationship was y = 1.010x + 99.26, R² = 0.927 (n = 1182), for combined data from 6 crops (2 pepper, 2 cucumber, 1 melon, 1 tomato). RE values for all measurements in composite datasets were 14%, 22%, 24% and 25% for NS, SS, undiluted PS and diluted PS respectively, and they were lower in concentrations most likely to be measured in practical on-farm work. The ISE system measured [NO3−] in NS, SS and diluted PS with sufficient accuracy to effectively guide on-farm decision making.

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Relay intercropping cover crop combined with reduced nitrogen application improves subsequent cotton agronomic traits while maintaining yield and quality

et al. 2023

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Applying cover crops to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer application while ensuring crop productivity is a major challenge for sustainable agricultural production. However, few studies have quantified N fertilizer application reduction through the use of February orchid (Orychophragmus violaceus) cover crops with the goal of ensuring cotton productivity. We conducted field experiments in the Yellow River basin on two cropping systems, monoculture cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) and cotton/February orchid under four levels of N application (0 [N0], 112.5 [N1], 168.75 [N2], and 225 [N3] kg N·ha−1), to evaluate the impacts of cover cropping on cotton growth parameters, yield, and quality under different N application levels. The results indicated that replacing winter fallow with February orchid prolonged the cotton growth period and increased plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and dry matter accumulation but did not improve cotton yield or fiber quality. The Cotton/February orchid system under a 168.75 kg ha−1 N application rate improved cotton growth, and achieved yield and quality equivalent to those of monoculture cotton under a 225 kg ha−1 N application. Further analysis revealed that February orchid cover crop and N application positively affected lint yield, whereas plant height, LAI, and dry matter accumulation (positively) and phenology (negatively) predicted lint yield and fiber quality. In conclusion, cotton relay intercropping with February orchid in combination with 168.75 kg ha−1 N application is recommended as a suitable cropping system to reduce fallow fields and ensuring cotton productivity in the Yellow River basin and other areas with similar ecological conditions.

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Global greenhouse vegetable production systems are hotspots of soil N2O emissions and nitrogen leaching: A meta-analysis

Cited by 123 publications

References 67 publications

The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

Use of a Portable Rapid Analysis System to Measure Nitrate Concentration of Nutrient and Soil Solution, and Plant Sap in Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Relay intercropping cover crop combined with reduced nitrogen application improves subsequent cotton agronomic traits while maintaining yield and quality

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