Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Fungal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in an immune competent man: The first report of invasive osteoarticular infection due to Scedosporium dehoogii

“…Medically, VCZ is the first-line therapy for invasive scedosporiosis [ [15] , [16] , [17] ] and treatment duration is usually months. VCZ has excellent bone penetration, but appears to concentrate poorly in the synovium [ 18 ].…”

An invasive infection caused by the thermophilic mold Talaromyces thermophilus

“…Over the last decades, the incidence of IMI has risen, which can primarily be attributed to advances in immunosuppressive therapies and, thus, a growing risk population [1,[3][4][5]7]. Notably, an emergence of infections with rare filamentous fungi was observed over the recent years [2][3][4][5][6][7][12][13][14][15]. Due to climate change and global warming, appearance of new fungal pathogens or spread of endemic mycoses to new areas is expected [16,17].…”

“…Invasive mold infections (IMI) are a major threat for immunosuppressed patients with mortality rates of up to 95% [1,2]. Particularly, individuals undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are considered a high-risk population [1].…”

Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: Review of definitions and diagnostic approaches

“…Worldwide estimates indicate that over 1.8 million cases of invasive fungal infections occurred in 2017, including around 250,000 cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA) 1 . Mould‐active prophylaxis has shown some success in reducing IA in patients with traditional risk factors for IA, such as those with underlying haematological malignancy and prolonged neutropenia, although breakthrough infections may occur 2–7 . In contrast, the prevalence of IA continues to increase in non‐neutropenic patients with severe underlying diseases, including those in intensive care units, 8–12 those with severe viral infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) or influenza virus, 12–16 solid organ transplant recipients, 17 those receiving systemic glucocorticoids, 18 those with solid cancers, 8,19 those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and other chronic respiratory disorders, and those who have received ibrutinib 8,20–22 .…”