Global Implementation of Obesity Prevention Policies: a Review of Progress, Politics, and the Path Forward

Lyn, Rodney; Heath, Erica; Dubhashi, Janhavi

doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00358-w

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…There is broad consensus among public health professionals that strong actions, including regulatory measures, are needed to advance obesity prevention policies but that implementation has been weak: Governments have lacked sufficient will to take necessary action, commercial bodies have undermined policies in order to protect their interests, and consumers have not demanded action 139,140 . International bodies such as the World Health Organization have urged governments to introduce obesity prevention policies, and in order to strengthen policy makers' ability to argue for such policies, a range of arguments are needed, including evidence of effectiveness and consideration of contextual issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs, equity and acceptability of three policies to prevent obesity: A narrative review to support policy development

Lobstein

Neveux

Landon

2020

Obesity Science & Practice

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Obesity prevention policies are a priority for many governments and intergovernmental agencies. Policy makers not only use systematic reviews of effectiveness but also consider contextual issues including cost and cost-effectiveness, equity, rights, acceptability and feasibility. To support their work, the present narrative review examines three contextual issues (costs, equity and acceptability) in relation to three policies for obesity prevention: sweetened beverage taxes, front-of-pack nutrition labelling and restrictions on advertising to children. Literature searches led to over 1100 documents, of which 125 informed the present review. Beverage taxes were found likely to be highly cost-effective, moderately favourable for health equity, supported by the public (depending on the use of revenues) and by health professionals and civil society groups and opposed by commercial interests. Depending on the design, front-of-pack nutritional labelling is likely to be highly cost-effective, moderately favourable for health equity, supported by the public, health professionals and civil society groups, and opposed by commercial interests. Restrictions on child-directed advertising are likely to be highly cost-effective in the longer term, moderately favourable for health equity, supported by the public, health professionals and civil society groups and opposed by commercial interests (unless voluntary). The evidence base needs strengthening, but the authors find that all three policies merit consideration by governmental authorities, and should be implemented to reduce obesity risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs, equity and acceptability of three policies to prevent obesity: A narrative review to support policy development

Lobstein

Neveux

Landon

2020

Obesity Science & Practice

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“…Public health policies, scientific recommendations, and the guidance of health organizations also try to fight against obesity with preventative care approaches [ 6 ]. For example, nutrition labeling is used on food packages to inform consumers, providing them with simplified information on the essential nutrients contained in the food products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Diseases: Importance of Aligning Food Habits with the Circadian Clock

et al. 2021

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The importance of metabolic health is a major societal concern due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and various cardiovascular diseases. The circadian clock is clearly implicated in the development of these metabolic diseases. Indeed, it regulates physiological processes by hormone modulation, thus helping the body to perform them at the ideal time of day. Since the industrial revolution, the actions and rhythms of everyday life have been modified and are characterized by changes in sleep pattern, work schedules, and eating habits. These modifications have in turn lead to night shift, social jetlag, late-night eating, and meal skipping, a group of customs that causes circadian rhythm disruption and leads to an increase in metabolic risks. Intermittent fasting, especially the time-restricted eating, proposes a solution: restraining the feeding window from 6 to 10 h per day to match it with the circadian clock. This approach seems to improve metabolic health markers and could be a therapeutic solution to fight against metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the importance of matching life habits with circadian rhythms for metabolic health and assesses the advantages and limits of the application of time-restricted fasting with the objective of treating and preventing metabolic diseases.

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“…Adult obesity prevention policies, which are largely untargeted, have had limited success globally[1,2] and the high prevalence of obesity is predicted to increase dramatically[3,4]. Population-wide approaches to obesity prevention could be complemented by new targeted approaches to intervention if it were possible to identify population groups at highest risk of weight gain using information readily available in national public health systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying high-risk groups for change in weight and body mass index: population cohort of 11 million measurements in 2.3 million adults

Katsoulis

Lai

Díaz-Ordaz

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundAdult obesity prevention policies, which are largely untargeted, have met with limited success globally. Population groups with the highest risk of weight gain, if they could be reliably identified using readily available information, might benefit from targeted policy. The relative importance of age, sex, ethnicity, geographical region and social deprivation for weight gain is unknown.MethodsWe calculated longitudinal changes in BMI over one, five and ten years and investigated transition between BMI categories using 11,187,383 clinically recorded, repeated measures of BMI from population-based electronic health records of 2,328,477 adults in England (1998-2016). The influence of risk factors was tested using logistic regression.FindingsThe youngest adult age group (18-24 years) was more strongly associated with risk of weight gain than older age, male sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity or geographic region. Among the youngest adults, the top quartile gained 15.9kg in men and 12kg in women at 10 years. The odds of transitioning to a higher BMI category over 10 years were 4-6 times higher in the youngest (18-24 years) compared to oldest (65-74 years) individuals; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 4.22 (3.85-4.62)) from normal weight to overweight or obesity, 4.60 (4.06-5.22) for overweight to obesity, and 5.87 (5.23-6.59) from obesity to severe obesity in multiple adjusted analyses. Among the youngest adults, socially deprived men were at greater risk of transitioning from normal weight to overweight (72%) and from overweight to obesity (68%) over 10 years. We provide an open access online risk calculator (https://pasea.shinyapps.io/bmi_shiny_app/) and present high resolution obesity risk charts over a 1-, 5- and 10-year follow-up.InterpretationA radical shift in policy is required to focus on those at highest risk of weight gain-young adults-for individual and population level prevention of obesity and its long-term consequences for health and health care.FundingBHF, HDR-UK, MRC

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Global Implementation of Obesity Prevention Policies: a Review of Progress, Politics, and the Path Forward

Cited by 32 publications

References 109 publications

Costs, equity and acceptability of three policies to prevent obesity: A narrative review to support policy development

Costs, equity and acceptability of three policies to prevent obesity: A narrative review to support policy development

Beneficial Effects of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Diseases: Importance of Aligning Food Habits with the Circadian Clock

Identifying high-risk groups for change in weight and body mass index: population cohort of 11 million measurements in 2.3 million adults

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