Global Inequality in Eye Health: Country-Level Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study

Ono, Koichi; Hiratsuka, Yoshimune; Murakami, Akira

doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.187930

Cited by 116 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A previous study demonstrated that cataract ranked as the most unevenly distributed eye disorder in 2004, with higher DALYs in low-and middle-income countries. 17 The World Health Survey in 70 countries showed that the prevalence of vision difficulty in low-income countries was two times higher than that in high-income countries. 18 Among the 21 Super Regions, the prevalence of cataract blindness was highest in Oceania, followed by South and Southeast Asia, and the lowest in high-income countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations and Trends in Health Burden of Visual Impairment Due to Cataract: A Global Analysis

Wang

Huang

2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To evaluate the global trends in health burden of people visually impaired from cataract in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and its correlations with national levels of socioeconomic development.METHODS. Global, regional, and national DALY numbers, crude rate, and age-standardized rate of cataract vision loss by age and sex were obtained from the database of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The human development index, per capita gross domestic product, and other country-level data were derived from international open databases. Regression analysis was used to assess the correlations between age-standardized DALY rate and socioeconomic variables. HDI,) for high HDI, and 17.10 (95%CI: 13.91-26.84) for very high HDI countries (P < 0.01), respectively. The national agestandardized DALY rates in 2015 were negatively associated with both HDI (R 2 ¼ 0.489, P < 0.001) and per capita gross domestic product (R 2 ¼ 0.331, P < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression showed that HDI was significantly correlated with national age-standardized DALY rates in 2015 after adjusting for other confounding factors (P < 0.001). RESULTS. CONCLUSIONS.The global health burden of vision loss due to cataract increased between 1990 and 2015 despite considerable efforts from the World Health Organization and VISION 2020 initiatives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations and Trends in Health Burden of Visual Impairment Due to Cataract: A Global Analysis

Wang

Huang

2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Spearman's Rank correlation public awareness strategies for ocular disease [3]. Furthermore, the lack of equipment and other resources requires the centralisation of those services that are available, which renders eye health interventions inaccessible to the majority [15]. The combined effects of such contextual barriers to equitable eye health services include a failure to detect and treat glaucomatous disease for the vast majority of cases (likely very close to 100%, compared to the estimated 50% undiagnosed rate in developed countries), and high prevalence of unilateral and bilateral blindness at the time of presentation and disease detection [16,17].…”

Section: The Moorfields Motion Displacement Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Computer Experience on the Viability and Repeatability of the Moorfields Motion Displacement Test in a Developing and Underserved African Setting

Loughman¹,

Alvarez²,

Anderson³

et al. 2013

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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IntroductionMost recent estimates indicate that there are 285 million people who are visually impaired worldwide [1]. About 90% of the world's visually impaired live in developing countries, and up to 80% of visual impairment is avoidable [1]. As the second leading cause of global blindness [1,2], the World Health Organisation (WHO) and VISION 2020 programmes for the prevention of avoidable blindness have specifically identified glaucoma as a priority condition [3,4].The global trend towards increasing life expectancy is accompanied by a synchronous increase in the prevalence of age-related morbidities, including irreversible ophthalmic disease, that have a deleterious effect on health-related quality of life, and include glaucoma [5][6][7]. Globally, the number of people with glaucoma and glaucoma related blindness is set to increase substantially to 80 million and 11.2 million respectively by 2020 [8]. In Australia it has been predicted that the number of persons suffering glaucoma will double by the year 2030 [9], while other predictions indicate a likely 30% increase in the global prevalence of glaucoma by 2020, with an associated 33% rise in cases of bilateral, glaucoma-related blindness [5].Within African and Asian derived groups, the relationship between glaucoma prevalence and age is a linear one, with Africans having the highest prevalence (four to five times higher) of open angle glaucoma Abstract Background: The current study was designed to explore the effect of computer experience on the viability and testretest repeatability of the Moorfields Motion Displacement Test (MMDT), a novel computer-driven glaucoma screening device, in an African community setting.

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“…2 Since refractive error manifests at a young age, the number of associated blind-person-years from URE was double the estimate for individuals blind from cataract. 3 URE is the single largest contributor to the global burden of eye diseases 4 and among children it is the leading and most easily remedied cause of poor vision. 5 The prevalence of refractive error among school students in Nigeria varies between 1.97% and 5.8%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors responsible include nonavailability or inability to afford refractive services, insufficient provision of affordable corrective lenses and cultural disincentives to compliance. 10 About 90% of the burden of eye disease occurs in lowand middle-income countries 4 where access to refraction services and the availability of spectacles are generally poor. 11 One approach to make refractive services readily available and affordable is the introduction of a simple device called a 'focometer'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between focometer and autorefractor in the measurement of refractive error among students in underserved community of sub-Saharan Africa

Aina

Oluleye

Olusanya

2016

Eye

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Purpose To compare focometer and autorefractor in the measurement of refractive errors among students in an underserved community of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The study was a descriptive comparative cross-sectional study conducted in October/November 2014 among secondary school students of Ijaiye-Orile, Oyo State, Nigeria. Students were selected using systematic random sampling method. Ocular examination and measurement of refractive error was carried out on each student using a focometer and an autorefractor. Results A total of 230 students were studied. Mean age of the students was 15.1 ± 1.9 years with a range of 13-21 years. Refractive error was detected in 95 (41.3%) of the students using autorefractor and in 81 (35.2%) with focometer. Among those found to have refractive error using autorefractor, 75 (78.9%) students had a difference of ≤ ± 0.75 DS between the autorefractor and focometer readings. The sensitivity and specificity of the focometer relative to the autorefractor was 73.7% and 91.9%, respectively. Conclusion The focometer is comparable to the autorefractor in the measurement of refractive error because of its high sensitivity and specificity. The high positive and negative predictive values makes the focometer an effective tool for both screening and diagnosis of refractive error in rural areas among secondary schools students. Its use would make refractive service available and affordable to individuals living in the resource poor rural communities thereby reducing the burden of refractive error in such areas. The focometer should also be a useful tool in school eye health programs.

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Global Inequality in Eye Health: Country-Level Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract: Creating new eye health service for refractive errors and reducing the unacceptable eye health disparity in refractive errors should be the highest priorities for international public health services in eye care and eye health.

Cited by 116 publications

References 17 publications

Variations and Trends in Health Burden of Visual Impairment Due to Cataract: A Global Analysis

Variations and Trends in Health Burden of Visual Impairment Due to Cataract: A Global Analysis

Impact of Computer Experience on the Viability and Repeatability of the Moorfields Motion Displacement Test in a Developing and Underserved African Setting

Comparison between focometer and autorefractor in the measurement of refractive error among students in underserved community of sub-Saharan Africa

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