“…Opinions related to the flow of international students vary, but the push-pull theory is the most classic framework that has been employed to facilitate understanding and describe the decisionmaking factors influencing international students (e.g. Agarwal & Winkler, 1985;Azmat et al, 2013;Bodycott, 2009;Bohman, 2009;Cummings, 1984;Duan, 1997;Kawai, 2005;Li & Bray, 2007;Li, 2013;Liu, 2013;Liu, 2015;McMahon, 1992;Pimpa, 2002;Stewart, 2017;Wang, Whitehead, & Bayes, 2017;Wang, 2010;Wilkins et al, 2012). Before the push-pull theory was propounded, some studies (Radford, Ongkili, & Toyoizumi, 1984;Spaulding, Flack, Tate, Mahon, & Marshall, 1976) had already started to focus on the particular factors influencing international students, but they lacked a comparatively integrated theoretical system to describe it.…”