Global monsoon change during the Last Glacial Maximum: a multi-model study

Yan, Menglong; Wang, Bin; Liu, Jian

doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2841-5

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Global paleoclimate models in SWIO and East Africa also suggested variations in the rainfall pattern and a dryer period surrounding the LGM. Using multimodel ensemble, Yan et al (2016) showed a reduction of the monsoon domain as well as in monsoon intensity regarding southern Africa during the LGM. The LGM period was also associated with rainfall variations in equatorial East Africa, but the peak glacial drought overlapped only partly with the LGM proper (Gasse et al, 2008;Verschuren et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b). Regarding the LGM, global paleoclimate modelling predicted that a reduction in temperature (from À1°C to À3°C, Barrows & Juggins, 2005;Otto-Bliesner et al, 2009;Weigelt et al, 2016) and a reduction in rainfall (À10% according to Yan et al, 2016) are likely to have occurred at regional scale in the SWIO. The impact of past climatic events on the demographic history of native species and their paleodistribution remains understudied in Reunion Island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant population dynamics on oceanic islands during the Late Quaternary climate changes: genetic evidence from a tree species (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island

et al. 2019

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Summary Past climatic fluctuations have played a major role in shaping the current plant biodiversity. Although harbouring an exceptional biota, oceanic islands have received little attention in studies on species demographic history and past vegetation patterns. We investigated the impact of past climatic changes on the effective population size of a tree (Coffea mauritiana) that is endemic to Reunion Island, located in the south‐western Indian Ocean (SWIO). Demographic changes were inferred using summary statistics calculated from genomic data. Using ecological niche modelling and the current distribution of genetic diversity, the paleodistribution of the species was also assessed. A reduction in the effective population size of C. mauritiana during the last glaciation maximum was inferred. The distribution of the species was reduced on the western side of the island, due to low rainfall. It appeared that a major reduction in rainfall and a slight temperature decrease prevailed in the SWIO. Our findings indicated that analyses on the current patterns of intraspecific genetic variations can efficiently contribute to past climatic changes characterisation in remote islands. Identifying area with higher resilience in oceanic islands could provide guidance in forest management and conservation faced to the global climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant population dynamics on oceanic islands during the Late Quaternary climate changes: genetic evidence from a tree species (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island

et al. 2019

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“…Consistent with the proxy records, model simulations capture the changes in tropical mean state (Braconnot et al 2007a, b;Deckker et al 2002;Mohtadi et al 2011Mohtadi et al , 2017Kageyama et al 2013;DiNezio1 and Tinerney 2013;Brady et al 2013;Niedermeyer et al 2014), the Northern westerlies (Oster et al 2015;Wang et al 2018), the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheet-related precipitation (Luetscher et al 2015;Oster et al 2015), and the Southern westerlies (Heusser 1989;Rojas et al 2009;Sime et al 2013). Extensive studies have been conducted to explain changes in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) (Donohoe et al 2013;Mcgee et al 2014;Braconnot et al 2007b), global and regional monsoon activities (Braconnot et al 2000;Jiang and Lang 2010;Yan et al 2016Yan et al , 2018, NH jet stream (Laîné et al 2009b;Hofer et al 2012;Oster et al 2015), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability (Ford et al 2015), hydrological sensitivity (Li et al 2013;Harrison et al 2015) and climate sensitivity (Schmittner et al 2011;Annan and Hargreaves 2013;Hopcroft and Valdes 2015). Change of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations and existence of land ice sheet, along with the associated sea level drop and exposure of the continental shelf, have been generally recognized as the main drivers of the LGM climate formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Single forcing experiment with coupled climate models is advantageous for assessing the relative contributions of each forcing to global climate change, which includes changes in the mean states of precipitation and temperature, global monsoon, ITCZ and ENSO. For example, Yan et al (2016Yan et al ( , 2018 found that the Australian monsoon, in contrast to all other regional monsoons, is strengthened and expanded during the LGM. This unique feature cannot be qualitatively explained by a full forcing experiment or the GHG forcing alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attribution of the Last Glacial Maximum climate formation

Cao¹,

Wang

Liu

2019

Clim Dyn

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To better understand what determines the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) cold and dry climate, a suite of numerical experiments with the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 1 are conducted to assess the relative contributions of individual external forcings, including greenhouse gases (GHGs), ice sheets (IS), land-sea configuration (LSC) and the Earth's orbital parameters, and the contribution of their combination in the LGM mean climate change. Results of the single-forcing sensitivity experiments not only reveal spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation changes that are different from today's climate, but also shed light on understanding the underlying processes through which each forcing contributes to the formation of the LGM climate. The full forcing experiment simulates a 5.3 K global cooling and an 11.8% reduction of the global mean precipitation, thus yielding a hydrological sensitivity of 2.2% K −1 , which is larger than that caused by the present-day GHG forcing. The excessive hydrological sensitivity is primarily attributed to the land-sea configuration change, since its dynamic factor (circulation change) amplifies the precipitation reduction at the tropical convergence zones over both hemispheres. The GHG forcing is the largest contributor to the tropical cooling, whereas ice sheets are responsible for the large hemispheric temperature asymmetry and meridional gradients of the zonal mean temperature change during the LGM period. The LGM precipitation is characterized by decreased precipitation over the Indo-Pacific Ocean and a salient wave train pattern over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The GHG and LSC forcings are the major contributors to the former since they can change the Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature and the associated Walker circulation, while ice sheets lead to the wave train pattern over the NH by changing the North Atlantic jet stream/storminess and shifting the Intertropical Convergence Zone southward. The climate responses to the LGM forcings are nonlinear. The nonlinearity mainly comes from the overlapping effects induced by the IS and LSC forcings.

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“…This means that CAM4 has a global range of 48 grid points in latitude, 96 grid points in longitude, and 26 vertical levels, while POP2 has 116 grid points in latitude, 100 grid points in longitude, and 60 vertical levels. The CESM is the one of the main models cited in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the performance of CESM has been verified by many researchers Ning and Bradley 2016;Otto-Bliesner et al 2016;Yan et al 2016). CESM is used to simulate a long-time integration, including a control experiment (Ctrl) and a volcanic sensitivity experiment (Vol).…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “La Niña-like” state occurring in the second year after large tropical volcanic eruptions during the past 1500 years

et al. 2018

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Using an ensemble of nine El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) reconstructed proxies and volcano eruption proxies for the past 1500 years, this study shows that a significant La Niña state emerges in the second year (year (2) hereafter) after large tropical volcanic eruptions. The reasons for the development of La Niña are investigated using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). In the volcanic eruption experiment (Vol), a robust La Niña signal occurs in year (2), resembling the proxy records. The eastward positioning of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in Vol plays a critical role in the advanced decay of year (2) warming and the strong intensification of cooling in the equatorial eastern Pacific. The enhanced easterlies located on the southern edge of the WNPAC can stimulate consecutive oceanic upwelling Kelvin waves, shallowing the thermocline in the eastern Pacific, thereby resulting in a greater cooling rate by the enhanced thermocline feedback and cold zonal advection. Over the equatorial eastern Pacific, the reduced shortwave radiation contributes to the advanced decay of warming, while the upward latent heat flux augments the strong intensification of the cooling. Essentially, the eastward positioning of the WNPAC is a result of the volcanic forcing. The volcanic effect cools the maritime continent more than its adjacent oceans, thus pushing convective anomalies eastward during year (1). This induces vertical thermal advection and upward surface latent heat flux, thereby suppressing the development of warm Sea Surface Temperature over the central-western Pacific and causing the eastward positioning of the WNPAC in Vol.

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Global monsoon change during the Last Glacial Maximum: a multi-model study

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Plant population dynamics on oceanic islands during the Late Quaternary climate changes: genetic evidence from a tree species (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island

Plant population dynamics on oceanic islands during the Late Quaternary climate changes: genetic evidence from a tree species (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island

Attribution of the Last Glacial Maximum climate formation

A “La Niña-like” state occurring in the second year after large tropical volcanic eruptions during the past 1500 years

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