Global nature run data with realistic high-resolution carbon weather for the year of the Paris Agreement

Abstract

The CO2 Human Emissions project has generated realistic high-resolution 9 km global simulations for atmospheric carbon tracers referred to as nature runs to foster carbon-cycle research applications with current and planned satellite missions, as well as the surge of in situ observations. Realistic atmospheric CO2, CH4 and CO fields can provide a reference for assessing the impact of proposed designs of new satellites and in situ networks and to study atmospheric variability of the tracers modulated by the weather. The simulations spanning 2015 are based on the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service forecasts at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, with improvements in various model components and input data such as anthropogenic emissions, in preparation of a CO2 Monitoring and Verification Support system. The relative contribution of different emissions and natural fluxes towards observed atmospheric variability is diagnosed by additional tagged tracers in the simulations. The evaluation of such high-resolution model simulations can be used to identify model deficiencies and guide further model improvements.

An Urban Scheme for the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System: Global Forecasts and Residential CO2 Emissions

“…For emissions which are, in part, dependent on real‐time atmospheric conditions this can be done by integrating an emissions model with an Earth System Model (ESM) and using the output as boundary conditions to represent the surface flux. Within the IFS a weather‐dependent online biogenic flux model has been extensively used to simulate atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (Agustí‐Panareda, McNortan, et al., 2022; Agustí‐Panareda et al., 2019; Boussetta et al., 2013; McNorton et al., 2020). For anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, the heating degree day (HDD) concept, outlined by Quayle and Diaz (1980), uses atmospheric or surface temperature as a proxy variable for the energy demand for heating buildings and can be used to generate anthropogenic fluxes.…”

Greenhouse Gas Retrievals for the CO2M mission using the FOCAL method: First Performance Estimates

“…2) is one of the typical test scenes, used within the CO2M project, because of the availability of high-resolution model data for this scene. The calculations for the high-resolution scene use the same SCIATRAN setup except for geolocation, geopotential, pressure, temperature, specific humidity, CO 2 and CH 4 , which were provided by EUMETSAT using high-spatial resolution (9 km) data from the CAMS nature run model (Agustí-Panareda et al, 2022). As can be seen from Fig.…”

Technical note: The CAMS greenhouse gas reanalysis from 2003 to 2020

“…The reanalysis uses the data assimilation technique to combine CO 2 and CH 4 satellite data from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartog-raphY (SCIAMACHY, https://www.sciamachy.org, last access: 18 March 2023), the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI, https://www.eumetsat.int/iasi, last access: 18 March 2023), and the Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO, https://www.eorc. jaxa.jp/GOSAT/instrument_1.html, last access: 18 March 2023) instruments with IFS model simulations of CO 2 and CH 4 (Agustí-Panareda et al, 2022). The dataset is based on a consistent and stable model version to provide a homogenous, continuous and gapless record of the CO 2 and CH 4 in the entire atmosphere since 2003. The IFS includes a combined forecasting model and data assimilation system.…”

“…At the model surface, the greenhouse gases are forced by a set of surface fluxes and emissions. Such modelling configuration allows us to produce a realistic representation of the spatio-temporal variability of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over a wide range of scales from hours to seasons and from local to global scales (Agustí-Panareda et al, 2022).…”