Global Oceans

Baringer, Molly O.; Bif, Mariana B.; Boyer, Tim; Bushinsky, Seth M.; Carter, Brendan R.; Cetinić, Ivona; Chambers, D. P.; Cheng, Lijing; Chiba, Sanai; Dai, Minhan; Domingues, Catia M.; Dong, Shenfu; Fassbender, Andrea J.; Feely, Richard A.; Frajka‐Williams, Eleanor; Franz, Bryan A.; Gilson, John; Goñi, Gustavo; Hamlington, B. D.; Hu, Zeng‐Zhen; Huang, Boyin; Ishii, Masayoshi; Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Johns, William E.; Johnson, Gregory C.; Johnson, Kenneth S.; Kennedy, John J.; Kersalé, Marion; Killick, Rachel; Landschützer, Peter; Lankhorst, Matthias; Lee, Tong; Leuliette, E. W.; Li, Feili; Lindstrom, Eric; Locarnini, R. A.; Lozier, Susan; Lyman, John M.; Marra, John J.; Meinen, Christopher S.; Merrifield, M. A.; Mitchum, Gary T.; Moat, Ben; Monselesan, Didier; Nerem, R. S.; Perez, Renellys C.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Rayner, Darren; Reagan, James R.; Rome, Nicholas; Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra; Schmid, Claudia; Scott, J. P.; Send, Uwe; Siegel, David A.; Smeed, David A.; Speich, Sabrina; Stackhouse, Paul W.; Sweet, William; Takeshita, Yuichiro; Thompson, Philip R.; Triñanes, Joaquín; Visbeck, Martin; Volkov, Denis; Wanninkhof, Rik; Weller, Robert A.; Westberry, T. K.; Widlansky, M. J.; Wijffels, Susan; Wilber, Anne C.; Yu, Lisan; Yu, Weidong; Zhang, Huai‐Min

doi:10.1175/bams-d-20-0105.1

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…As of today, the daily cable time series, T Cable , provide the longest quasi-continuous climate record of a boundary current in existence, and it is a critical component of the trans-basin meridional overturning circulation observing array at 26. 5°N (e.g., Frajka-Williams et al, 2019;Johns et al, 2011;D. L. Volkov et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inferring Florida Current Volume Transport From Satellite Altimetry

et al. 2020

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The Florida Current (FC) is the name given to the Gulf Stream as it passes through the Straits of Florida from the southernmost Florida Keys to the northernmost Bahamas Islands (Figure 1). At 27°N, the FC has a mean transport of about 32 Sv (1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 s −1 ; e.g., Larsen & Sanford, 1985), and essentially fills the entire water column from the east coast of Florida to the west coast of Grand Bahama Island (Figure 2a). The FC carries the majority of the upper-ocean northward transport of warm and saline waters in the subtropical North Atlantic at this latitude, and thus accounts for the bulk of both the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the western boundary component of the subtropical gyre circulation (e.g., C. S. Meinen et al., 2010

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confidence: 99%

“…The record minimum FC volume transport of 17.1 Sv was measured by the cable on 4 September 2019, when Hurricane Dorian was hovering for a few days over the northern Bahamas Islands (Ezer, 2020;D. L. Volkov et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inferring Florida Current Volume Transport From Satellite Altimetry

et al. 2020

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“…A recent assessment of 2004-2019 global ocean data by Johnson et al, (2020) per decade at 200 m, which increased to 0.08ºC per decade at 150 m when the timeseries was extended to 2018 (Cummins & Ross, 2020). Within deep water, we observed a warming rate of 0.12°C per decade in Douglas Channel, 0.19°C per decade in Rivers Inlet, 0.18°C per decade in Knight Inlet, 0.20°C per decade in Bute Inlet.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Warmingmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Within deep water, we observed a warming rate of 0.12°C per decade in Douglas Channel, 0.19°C per decade in Rivers Inlet, 0.18°C per decade in Knight Inlet, 0.20°C per decade in Bute Inlet. This rate is 1-2 times the global average found by Johnson et al (2020), about 3 times the warming rate reported by Freeland (2013), and twice the warming rate reported by Cummins and Ross (2020). Why, then, are the deep waters in these fjords warming at a greater rate than the open ocean?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Deep Waters in British Columbia Mainland Fjords Show Rapid Warming and Deoxygenation From 1951 to 2020

Jackson

Bianucci

Hannah

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Many complex fjord systems cross British Columbia's coastline. A 70 year (1951–2020) time series analysis of temperature, salinity, and oxygen in four such fjords between ∼54 and 50oN (Douglas Channel, Rivers Inlet, Knight Inlet and Bute Inlet) shows that changes were greatest in deep waters between the sill and the bottom. In Rivers, Knight and Bute Inlet, the deep water temperature increased by 1.2–1.3°C over 70 years, up to two times the global average for open ocean waters at corresponding depths, while salinity increased by 0.1–0.2, and oxygen decreased by 0.4–0.7 mLL−1. The most northern inlet, Douglas Channel, showed a temperature increase of 0.8°C from 1951 to 2016, while trends in oxygen and salinity were not statistically significant. An analysis of Apparent Oxygen Utilization suggests that the deep waters in Douglas Channel are more readily exchanged with the outer coast than the three other fjords.

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State of theUKClimate 2020

Kendon

McCarthy

Jevrejeva

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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INTRODUCTION This report provides a summary of the UK weather and climate through the calendar year 2020, alongside the historical context for a number of essential climate variables. This is the seventh in a series of annual ‘State of the UK climate’ publications and an update to the 2019 report (Kendon et al., 2020). It provides an accessible, authoritative and up‐to‐date assessment of UK climate trends, variations and extremes based on the most up to date observational datasets of climate quality. The majority of this report is based on observations of temperature, precipitation, sunshine and wind speed from the UK land weather station network as managed by the Met Office and a number of key partners and co‐operating volunteers. The observations are carefully managed such that they conform to current best practice observational standards as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The observations also pass through a range of quality assurance procedures at the Met Office before application for climate monitoring. Time series of near‐coast sea‐surface temperature and sea‐level are also presented and in addition a short section on phenology which provides dates of first leaf and bare tree indicators for four common shrub or tree species. National and regional statistics in this report are from the HadUK‐Grid dataset which is the principal source of data (Hollis et al., 2019). Temperature and rainfall series from this dataset extend back to 1884 and 1862, respectively. Details of the datasets used throughout this report and how the various series which are presented are derived are provided in the appendices. The report presents summary statistics for the most recent year 2020 against the most recent decade 2011–2020, the most recent 30‐year reference period (1981–2010) and the climate reference period 1961–1990. The full series provide longer‐term context, while a comparison is also made to centennial averages for the Central England Temperature series. The decade 2011–2020 is a non‐standard reference period, but it provides a 10‐year ‘snapshot’ of the most recent experience of the UK's climate and how that compares to historical records. This means differences between 2011 and 2020 and 30‐year reference periods may reflect shorter‐term decadal variations as well as long‐term trends. For this annual publication, the most recent decade (currently 2011–2020) changes every year, while the most recent 30‐year reference period (currently 1981–2010) changes every decade. For next year's report, the most recent 30‐year reference period will change from 1981–2010 to 1991–2020, while the climate reference period 1961–1990 will be retained. However, this report also includes a brief summary of key differences between preliminary 1991–2020 and 1981–2010 averages for temperature and rainfall. Throughout the report's text the terms “above normal” and “above average” and so on refer to the 1981–2010 baseline reference period unless otherwise stated. The majority of maps in this report show the year 2020 relati...

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Global Oceans

Cited by 16 publications

References 116 publications

Inferring Florida Current Volume Transport From Satellite Altimetry

Inferring Florida Current Volume Transport From Satellite Altimetry

Deep Waters in British Columbia Mainland Fjords Show Rapid Warming and Deoxygenation From 1951 to 2020

State of theUKClimate 2020

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