Global online trade in primates for pets

Nijman, Vincent; Morcatty, Thais Q.; El Bizri, Hani R.; Al-Razi, Hassan; Ang, Andie; Ardiansyah, Ahmad; Atoussi, Sadek; Bergin, Daniel; Bell, Sarah; Braga-Pereira, Franciany; Campera, Marco; Das, Nabajit; Silva, Felipe Ennes; Feddema, Kim; Foreman, Grace; Fourage, Anna; Gnanaolivu, Smitha D.; Hansen, Malene Friis; Račevska, Elena; Rapone, Brittany C.; Regmi, Ganga Ram; Shepherd, Chris R.; Shukhova, Sofiya; Siriwat, Penthai; Smith, Jaima H.; Mir Mohamad Tabar, Seyed Ahmad; Tavares, Aline S.; Weldon, Ariana V.; Wilson, Angelina; Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki; Zhang, Mingxia; Svensson, Magdalena S.; Anne-Isola Nekaris, K.

doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100925

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This entices consumers to purchase products advertised within the TikTok application. 28 Social media platforms like TikTok will certainly be very useful for business people to increase product sales, especially for online business people who do not have an offline outlet or shop and only rely on social media as a place to sell. 29 Therefore, business people must have a marketing strategy to increase their sales, for example, by creating exciting content about the products being marketed.…”

Section: Reasons For Prohibiting the Use Of Tiktok Shop Services As A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prohibition of Social E-Commerce on TikTok Shop: A Fiqh Examination Based on Sharia Compliance and Economic Justice

Naisabur,

Putra,

Ahyani

et al. 2024

MNH

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The prohobition of TikTok Shop in Indonesia has sparked debate over licensing and Shariah compliance. This article emphasizes the importance of using Shariah principles in social e-commerce at TikTok Shop. This research aims to analyze the rationale behind this from the perspective of fiqh and economic justice. This research uses a juridical-normative approach by analyzing relevant regulations using a descriptive-analytical method. Data was collected through a literature review, highlighting the importance of considering maslaha to maintain market stability and economic justice. The banning on TikTok Shop to ensure Shariah compliance to achieve economic justice. Government regulations or policies are beneficial, extending beyond mere prohibitions and restrictions. As commerce evolves with the expansion of digital platforms, it becomes imperative to establish clear regulations to accommodate this ongoing development.

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Section: Reasons For Prohibiting the Use Of Tiktok Shop Services As A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prohibition of Social E-Commerce on TikTok Shop: A Fiqh Examination Based on Sharia Compliance and Economic Justice

Naisabur,

Putra,

Ahyani

et al. 2024

MNH

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“…In contrast to the legal primate trade, the extent of primate trafficking, both within range countries and internationally is undocumented and difficult to estimate (Nijman and Healy, 2016;Nijman et al, 2021Nijman et al, , 2023. The recent indictment by the U.S. Department of Justice of officials from a Cambodian macaque breeding center (Vanny Bio Research Corporation Ltd.) and members of the Cambodian government for allegedly laundering wild-caught and endangered long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) into the U.S. by labelling them as captive-bred, suggests that trafficking within the context of legal trade may be more widespread than previously acknowledged (Gamalo et al, 2023).…”

Section: Primate Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the rapid expansion of the online trade and trafficking of primates as pets, researchers have relied on monitoring social media sites that serve as virtual pet shops as well as the accounts of individual sellers identified by primate photographs uploaded to their personal websites. A recent review of the online primate trade and trafficking found that both the Human Development Index (a composite measure of a country's standard of living and its ability to provide healthcare and education to its population) and the Internet Penetration Rate (percent of a country's population that use the internet) were positively related to how easy it was to purchase primates (Nijman et al, 2023). Despite explicit bans on selling globally threatened species, some social media sites continue to do so.…”

Section: Online Trade and Trafficking Of Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global wildlife trade and trafficking contribute to the world’s nonhuman primate conservation crisis

Garber,

Estrada,

Shanee

et al. 2024

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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A growing global human population, habitat conversion, and the indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources have created unsustainable demands on nature, resulting in widespread biodiversity loss. Primates, which represent the third most specious Order of mammals, are facing an extinction crisis. Currently, 69% of primate species are listed by the IUCN as threatened (Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered) and 94% have declining populations. Here, we examine two primary threats to primate population persistence, namely the commercialized hunting and capturing of wild primates and their body parts for food, traditional medicine, pets, and use in biomedical research. Both the legal wildlife trade and illegal wildlife trafficking represent multibillion-dollar industries that contribute to primate population decline, a reduction in genetic diversity, and local extirpation. Trade and trafficking also can lead to the emergence of infectious diseases, increasing biosecurity risks to humans. Between 2015 and 2021, CITES reported 337,511 live primates representing at least 99 species were legally traded, with 6.5% sourced directly from the wild. The recent indictment of Cambodian officials for allegedly laundering wild-caught long-tailed macaques into the U.S. by labelling them as captive-bred, highlights the need for greater transparency and accountability. Comprehensive data on the illegal trafficking of primates are extremely difficult to obtain. However, between 2009 and 2017, primates accounted for 20% of all seizures of illegally traded mammals in the air transport sector. International wildlife trafficking is dominated by criminal networks, corruption, and driven by the demands of wealthy consumers. In addition, the internet has expanded international opportunities to connect buyers and sellers of wild-caught primates and their body parts. Despite explicit bans on selling endangered primates, social media sites continue to do so. Moreover, data on the global food security index (GFSI) indicate that as the international demand for wild live primates, their meat, and other body parts has continued to increase, the majority of people in primate range nations have remained food insecure. Given that almost 70% of primate species are negatively impacted by hunting and trapping, we offer a set of recommendations to reduce the trade and trafficking of wild primates.

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Section: Primate Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global online trade in primates for pets

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

The Prohibition of Social E-Commerce on TikTok Shop: A Fiqh Examination Based on Sharia Compliance and Economic Justice

The Prohibition of Social E-Commerce on TikTok Shop: A Fiqh Examination Based on Sharia Compliance and Economic Justice

Global wildlife trade and trafficking contribute to the world’s nonhuman primate conservation crisis

Table_1.docx

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