Global patterns in the predator satiation effect of masting: A meta-analysis

Zwolak, Rafał; Celebias, Paulina; Bogdziewicz, Michał

doi:10.1073/pnas.2105655119

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Improved seed set through economies of scale following mast years is widely reported (Kelly et al, 2001; Rapp et al, 2013; Zwolak et al, 2022). These prior tests of economies of scale in masting were mostly conducted at the seed stage, indicating that masting can result in higher seed set, reduced pre‐ and post‐dispersal seed predation or changed seed removal rates by dispersers (Kelly et al, 2001; Sun et al, 2007; Vander Wall, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: Predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy‐fruited tree

et al. 2022

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The animal dispersal hypothesis predicts that mast seeding can increase dispersal rate of seeds by dispersers and enhance reproductive success of plants. However, in contrast to pollination efficiency and predator satiation hypothesis, the animal dispersal hypothesis has received mixed support. Using 12‐year data on fruit production and seedling recruitment of a fleshy‐fruited tree rowan (Sorbus aucuparia, Rosaceae), we tested if an increase in the fruit production at the population level results in higher proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Recruitment was recorded near (under rowans) and far (under heterospecifics) from conspecifics. Higher recruitment rates under rowans would support predator satiation hypothesis. Higher recruitment rates under heterospecific trees, where fruits can only arrive with animal assistance, would support animal dispersal hypothesis. High population‐level fruit production increased the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings both near and far from rowans. In contrast, high individual‐level fruit production did not have a positive effect on the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Synthesis. Population‐level synchronisation of fruit production is required to generate a more effective plant regeneration. Our findings show that masting enhances seedling recruitment through predator satiation and increased seed dispersal by frugivores. The results provide support for both animal dispersal and predator satiation hypotheses indicating that both mechanisms can operate simultaneously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: Predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy‐fruited tree

et al. 2022

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“…Among the hypotheses to explain the ecological advantages of masting, the predator satiation hypothesis (Janzen, 1971; Silvertown, 1980; Kelly and Sullivan, 1997; Shibata et al, 1998; Bogdziewicz et al, 2020c; Zwolak et al, 2022) and the pollination efficiency hypothesis (Nilsson and Wästljung, 1987; Norton and Kelly 1988; Smith et al, 1990; Shibata et al, 1998; Kelly et al, 2001) have the most empirical support. The first hypothesis predicts a selective advantage of less predation damage to reproductive tissues by mast flowering and/or fruiting (Janzen, 1971), whereas the last hypothesis predicts higher pollination success by mast flowering (Kelly et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

The selective advantage of mast flowering in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis

Itô

Kudo

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Synchronous, highly variable flower or seed production among years within a population (i.e., masting) has been reported in numerous perennial plants. Although masting provides ecological advantages such as enhancing pollination efficiency and/or escape from predator attack, little is known about the degree of these advantages and variations in masting behavior among populations of conspecific plants. Methods We determined flowering ramet density and reproductive success (fruit‐set success and herbivorous damage) of a perennial herb, Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum, across six lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan during 2–3 years. We then analyzed the relationship between floral density and reproductive success to assess the ecological significance of mast flowering. Flowering intervals of individual plants were estimated by counting annual scars on rhizomes. Results Most populations had mast flowering, but the intervals between flowering for individual plants were shorter in the alpine populations than in the lowland populations. Floral damage by stem borers (dipteran larvae) and seed predation by lepidopteran larvae were intense in the lowland populations. Seed production of individual ramets increased with higher floral density owing to the effective avoidance of floral‐stem damage and seed predation. Although stem borers were absent in the alpine habitat, seed predation decreased with higher floral density also in the alpine populations. Pollination success was independent of floral density in both of the alpine and lowland populations. Conclusions These results strongly support the predator satiation hypothesis for mast flowering by this species.

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“…Importantly, our temporal analysis, which contrasts with their space-for-time substitution, further revealed a strong lag effect (Fig. 3A), illustrating the crucial effect of the sequence of predator starvation followed by satiation, an effect that we also found in P. abies (3B; Zwolak et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Contributions of economies of scale in pollination efficiency and predispersal predation to seed viability effects of masting

Pesendorfer

Bogdziewicz

Oberklammer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Economies of scale (EoS), reduced individual costs when plant populations produce large numbers of seeds, are considered a central adaptive benefit of masting, the spatial synchronization of interannual variation in seed production. Throughout the development of seeds in wind-pollinated trees, multiple EoS mechanisms such as increased pollination efficiency and reduced predation rates have been identified. It is unclear, however, whether the same EoS mechanisms apply to co-occurring species and how sequential mechanisms interact to determine seed fate. Here, we use a long-term data set of seed production of beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and silver fir (Abies alba) in a primeval montane forest to investigate the relationship between seed production, pollination efficiency, and predispersal predation by insects. Our results show that the three species differed in presence and extent of EoS mechanisms. In silver fir, only pollination efficiency increased exponentially with seed density, while in Norway spruce only the rate of insect predation decreased with crop size. In beech, both EoS mechanisms had dramatic effects on seed quality and, importantly, our results suggest that pollination efficiency mediated the extent of predispersal predation. Furthermore, we found that both pollination and predation rates only increase strongly in the lower range of seed production, and that predation rates also depend on the extent of seed production the previous year. These findings illustrate that economy-of-scale effects are not universal and that multiple mechanisms in sequence can interact to shape seed fate.

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Global patterns in the predator satiation effect of masting: A meta-analysis

Cited by 56 publications

References 93 publications

Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: Predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy‐fruited tree

Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: Predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy‐fruited tree

The selective advantage of mast flowering in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis

Contributions of economies of scale in pollination efficiency and predispersal predation to seed viability effects of masting

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