Global Phylogeography of Salmonid Ectoparasites of the Genus Gyrodactylus, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Circumpolar Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)

Leis, Eric; Kim, Tran; Lumme, Jaakko

doi:10.1654/1525-2647-88.1.130

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The finding of F. prolongis with partial 18S and ITS sequences essentially identical to eastern populations raises questions about its occurrence in California. The millions of years of geologic separation since the formation of the Isthmus in Panama is a time scale sufficient for allopatric speciation to occur and slightly larger than the time scale calculated (1.64 to 2.48 Mya) to produce the extant species within the Gyrodactylus wageneri group (Leis et al 2021). This extended period of isolation would also appear to explain the aforementioned genetic distances associated with G. parvipinni n. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Gyrodactylus, Fundulotrema, and Salsuginus Species (Monogenea) Infecting Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis (Osteichthyes: Fundulidae) in Central and Southern California Estuaries and Bays

Cone¹,

Appy

Leis

2023

Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences

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A survey of Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis from coastal waters of Central and Southern California for Monogenea revealed two new species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832, Fundulotrema prolongis (Hargis, 1955) (both Gyrodactylidae), and a new species of Salsuginus Beverley-Burton, 1984 (Ancyrocephalinae). Gyrodactylus kalmanae n. sp. and F. prolongis attached primarily to the fins and body surface. Gyrodactylus parvipinni n. sp. was on the gills, fins, and body surface and, in some fish, formed dense aggregations on tips of gill lamellae and at the base of fins. Salsuginus californiensis n. sp. attached between adjacent secondary lamellae of the gill filaments. Partial 18S and ITS region (ITS1/5.8/ITS2) sequence data for the two new species of Gyrodactylus linked distantly to species from estuarine and marine fishes, but for F. prolongis were 100% and 99.88% similar, respectively, to samples from Fundulus heteroclitus in eastern North America. Salsuginus californiensis n. sp. differs from 11 previously described species of the genus in features of the accessory piece of the male copulatory organ and details of the larval hooks, with the molecular data reported herein being the first for this genus. The occurrence of Salsuginus from coastal California and western Mexico suggests this genus occurred on ancestral fundulids prior to isolation of Pacific species from eastern relatives by the Isthmus of Panama, estimated at 3 to 3.5 mya. Whether G. parvipinni n. sp. and G. kalmanae n. sp. have origins on ancestral fundulids or were acquired from local hosts after isolation is unclear at this time, but both species appear unrelated to species of Gyrodactylus from fundulids on the east coast. The finding of F. prolongis in California with almost identical 18S and ITS regions to eastern populations raises the question of its origin. Given the morphological and genetic similarities with populations on the east coast, F. prolongis (reported from a variety of eastern fundulid and related hosts) may have arrived via several related eastern host species introduced to and established in the state. If so, F. prolongis is a non-native species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Gyrodactylus, Fundulotrema, and Salsuginus Species (Monogenea) Infecting Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis (Osteichthyes: Fundulidae) in Central and Southern California Estuaries and Bays

Cone¹,

Appy

Leis

2023

Bulletin, Southern California Academy of Sciences

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“…Two Gyrodactylus species had been described from char in Eurasia prior to the start of this study; G. birmani Konovalov, 1967 from Kamchatka in the eastern part (Konovalov, 1967) and G. salvelini Kuusela, Ziętara & Lumme, 2008 from Finland in the western part (Kuusela et al, 2008). However, Leis et al (2021), studied G. salmonis , a species described from several salmonids in North America (Cone et al, 1983; Yin & Sproston, 1948) and synonymized G. salvelini to G. salmonis , giving G. salmonis a circumpolar distribution in the northern hemisphere. Leis et al (2021) did not consider the status of G. birmani and there are no DNA sequences in GenBank for this species to compare with.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Leis et al (2021), studied G. salmonis , a species described from several salmonids in North America (Cone et al, 1983; Yin & Sproston, 1948) and synonymized G. salvelini to G. salmonis , giving G. salmonis a circumpolar distribution in the northern hemisphere. Leis et al (2021) did not consider the status of G. birmani and there are no DNA sequences in GenBank for this species to compare with. As the molecular comparison identifies the species as G. salmonis , we use this name here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we initiated a study on seasonal variation in abundance, site distribution and host age‐dependent presence of G. salaris haplotype A on Arctic char in the Fustvatnet lake. In the initial examinations, we found that Arctic char in the lake were also infected with G. salmonis Yin & Sproston, 1948 (see Leis et al, 2021). Thus, both Gyrodactylus species were included in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Occurrence and seasonality of Gyrodactylus salaris and G. salmonis (Monogenea) on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in the Fustvatnet lake, Northern Norway

Hansen

Hytterød

2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results from four studies that evaluated the effectiveness of H 2 O 2 immersion treatments to reduce Gyrodactylus infestations. Studies evaluated three species of Gyrodactylus that were present on four fish species ( G. salmonis , a circumpolar species known to infect a variety of salmonids [Leis et al 2021], hosts: Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Lake Trout S. namaycush ; G. freemani , host: Yellow Perch Perca flavescens ; and G. hoffmani , host: Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas ). Results from these studies may inform the future use of H 2 O 2 in fish hatcheries and other facilities to mitigate external parasite infestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to reduce Gyrodactylus species infestation density on four fish species

et al. 2023

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Objective The ability to effectively treat parasitic infestations of fish is of high importance for fish culture facilities. However, tools or approved therapies for treating infestations on fish are limited. This paper summarizes results from four separate clinical field studies that evaluated the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 35% PEROX‐AID) for reducing Gyrodactylus spp. infestation density. Methods Three species of Gyrodactylus were studied (G. salmonis, hosts: Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Lake Trout S. namaycush; G. freemani, host: Yellow Perch Perca flavescens; G. hoffmani, host: Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas) before and after the application of immersion H2O2 therapy. Result Parasite density was significantly reduced for each parasite × host combination to which H2O2 therapy was applied. Two clinical field studies in salmonids were found to demonstrate substantial effectiveness that enabled 35% PEROX‐AID approval. Conclusion Further assessments of Gyrodactylus spp. could expand the use of H2O2 for controlling these parasites in aquaculture. Specifically, H2O2 was effective at all levels tested (50 or 75 mg H2O2/L for 60 min for the Yellow Perch and Fathead Minnow clinical field studies; 100 or 150 mg H2O2/L for 30 min regardless of salt pre‐treatment for the Brook Trout study; and 100 mg H2O2/L for 30 min or 50 mg H2O2/L for 60 min for the Lake Trout study).

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Global Phylogeography of Salmonid Ectoparasites of the Genus Gyrodactylus, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Circumpolar Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)

Abstract: The wageneri species group of Gyrodactylus contains the following molecularly confirmed salmonid parasites in Asia:

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Gyrodactylus, Fundulotrema, and Salsuginus Species (Monogenea) Infecting Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis (Osteichthyes: Fundulidae) in Central and Southern California Estuaries and Bays

Gyrodactylus, Fundulotrema, and Salsuginus Species (Monogenea) Infecting Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis (Osteichthyes: Fundulidae) in Central and Southern California Estuaries and Bays

Occurrence and seasonality of Gyrodactylus salaris and G. salmonis (Monogenea) on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in the Fustvatnet lake, Northern Norway

Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to reduce Gyrodactylus species infestation density on four fish species

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