Global Plate Motions and Earthquake Cycle Effects

Graham, Shannon; Loveless, John P.; Meade, Brendan J.

doi:10.1029/2017gc007391

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…More complex slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and magnitude–frequency distribution information may also prove to be useful at a global level, particularly if scientific advances lead to wide-spread and relatively homogeneous data to populate the GAF-DB (such as global geodetic block modeling; Graham et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GEM Global Active Faults Database

2020

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The GEM Global Active Faults Database (GAF-DB) is the first public, comprehensive database of active faults with worldwide coverage. The GAF-DB is a compilation of many regional datasets. The GAF-DB contains ∼13,500 faults, each with associated attributes that describe the geometry, kinematics, slip rate, references, and other characteristics, as the information is available. Spatial completeness is high, and about 77% of the faults have slip rate information. The GAF-DB is built from its constituent datasets algorithmically and is designed to fluidly incorporate changes to or addition of any of the underlying datasets. This process reflects a philosophy of easily incorporating a change to avoid obsolescence and to quickly provide the most up-to-date information possible to the users. The database is licensed under a free and open-source license (CC-BY-SA 4.0) and is available at https://github.com/GEMScienceTools/gem-global-active-faults .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GEM Global Active Faults Database

2020

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“…7). This is quite unsurprising because the lack of geodetic data on the Lwandle platemostly covered by oceans, and the small relative motion of the two plates, hampers a precise determination of Euler vectors (Horner-Johnson et al, 2007;Morgan and Phipps Morgan, 2007;Saria et al, 2014;Graham et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018). Despite these limitations, all the models yield a Somalia plate motion of 1.1-2.5 mm/yr toward the ENE to SE relative to Lwandle in the Comoros area, which implies a dextral transtension to transpression along the GCVA.…”

Section: Comparison Of Stresses and Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comoros archipelago: a right-lateral transform boundary between the Somalia and Lwandle plates

Famin

Michon

Bourhane³

2020

Tectonophysics

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The origin of the Comoros archipelago in the Mozambique channel is the subject of a longstanding controversy. This volcanic chain has been successively interpreted as a hotspot track, as built on an intraplate fracture zone or a passive margin, or as the northern limit of a diffuse deformation zone in the Nubia-Somalia plate system, none of these interpretations being entirely satisfactory. It is also possible that the volcanism of the Comoros is a branch of the East African Rift System, and delineates the still poorly constrained northern boundary between the Lwandle and Somalia plates. To better understand the origin of the Comoros archipelago, we combined a formal stress inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms and deformation structures (faults and dykes) observed on three islands (Mayotte, Anjouan, and Mohéli) with a morphologic study of the repartition of onshore and offshore volcanic vents in the area. Earthquake focal mechanisms and field-observed deformation structures both yield a generalized strike-slip regime with a maximum horizontal stress oriented NW-SE. In tandem, the study of topographic and bathymetric features shows that volcanic vents follow a preferential repartition along two trends: N105 ± 10° lineaments up to 100 km-long, and N145 ± 10°, less than 60 km-long lineaments organized in an en échelon fashion. Earthquakes, deformation structures, and volcanic vents all consistently designate the Comoros archipelago as an E-W elongated, 150 km-wide zone of right-lateral tear in the lithosphere. Because the clockwise rotation of Somalia relative to Lwandle requires the existence of such a right-lateral shear zone, we interpret the Comoros archipelago as the northern boundary between the two plates. This plate boundary is still in an immature state, which is why it remained undetected until now.

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“…Most models of the active deformation assume that present-day deformation represents the long-term average rate of deformation (e.g., England & Molnar, 2005;Kreemer et al, 2014;Thatcher, 2007). Alternatively, strain rates could vary in time, for example, due to earthquake cycle effects (e.g., Dolan & Meade, 2017;Graham et al, 2018). Hussain et al (2018) showed that the strain rate on the North Anatolian Fault is constant for most of the earthquake cycle, except for the decade or so following a major earthquake.…”

Section: Strain Rate Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Rate Distribution in South‐Central Tibet From Two Decades of InSAR and GPS

Wang

Wright

Liu‐Zeng

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The degree to which deformation and seismicity is focused on major mapped structures remains a key unknown in assessing seismic hazards and testing continental deformation models. Here we combine 208 Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities with 12‐track Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) rate maps to form high‐resolution velocity and strain rate fields for south‐central Tibet. Our results show that deformation is not evenly distributed across the region. We find a few zones with high strain rates, most notably the Yutian‐Zhongba strain rate zone. However, the average of the strain rates is similar within and outside the mapped fault zones. In addition, the slip rates are low on all the conjugate strike‐slip faults widespread in central Tibet. The observations are difficult to reconcile with time‐invariant block models or with continuum models that lack mechanisms for strain localization. Our results support arguments that the most robust estimates of seismic hazard should integrate seismicity catalogues, active fault maps, and geodetic strain rate models.

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Global Plate Motions and Earthquake Cycle Effects

Cited by 20 publications

References 107 publications

The GEM Global Active Faults Database

The GEM Global Active Faults Database

The Comoros archipelago: a right-lateral transform boundary between the Somalia and Lwandle plates

Strain Rate Distribution in South‐Central Tibet From Two Decades of InSAR and GPS

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