Global potential of green ammonia based on hybrid PV-wind power plants

Fasihi, Mahdi; Weiss, Robert S.; Savolainen, Jouni; Breyer, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116170

Cited by 243 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Section 3.1.12, "The Liquid Fuels Question" claims that "it is highly unlikely that synthetic liquid fuel substitutes for FFs [fossil fuels] can be produced sustainably in any more than small quantities for niche applications". Vast literature has been published in recent years on e-fuels and e-chemicals, such as green Hydrogen [85,86,163], e-Methane [164,165], Fischer-Tropsch fuels [166,167], e-Ammonia [168,169] and e-Methanol [170,171], all showing that electricity-based fuels are in reach. In a global energy system transition analysis reaching 100% RE in 2050 [46], with 90% electricity share in primary energy (mainly PV, wind and some hydropower) and strong growth in energy service demands, it has been shown that the total energy system cost can be kept at present levels, while the overall energy system efficiency can be increased by a factor of two [46], mainly due to the phase-out of combustion processes which can be substituted by direct electricity-based processes.…”

Section: Statements In the Seibert-rees (S-r) Paper And Counter-argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on Seibert, M.K.; Rees, W.E. Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition. Energies 2021, 14, 4508

et al. 2022

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This paper exposes the many flaws in the article “Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition, authored by Siebert and Rees and recently published in Energies as a Review. Our intention in submitting this critique is to expose and rectify the original article’s non-scientific approach to the review process that includes selective (and hence biased) screening of the literature focusing on the challenges related to renewable energies, without discussing any of the well-documented solutions. In so doing, we also provide a rigorous refutation of several statements made by a Seibert–Rees paper, which often appear to be unsubstantiated personal opinions and not based on a balanced review of the available literature.

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Section: Statements In the Seibert-rees (S-r) Paper And Counter-argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on Seibert, M.K.; Rees, W.E. Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition. Energies 2021, 14, 4508

et al. 2022

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is one of the most promising solutions for shipping decarbonisation [26,27], and there have recently been great efforts globally for green NH 3 production [28]. It is a versatile fuel, with existing infrastructures [29], better energy density and safety characteristics, and less complexity in terms of storage than hydrogen [30].…”

Section: Research Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Reliability Analysis of an Ammonia-Powered Fuel-Cell System

Trivyza

Cheliotis

Boulougouris

et al. 2021

Safety

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Recently, the shipping industry has been under increasing pressure to improve its environmental impact with a target of a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, compared to the 2008 levels. For this reason, great attention has been placed on alternative zero-carbon fuels, specifically ammonia, which is considered a promising solution for shipping decarbonisation. In this respect, a novel ammonia-powered fuel-cell configuration is proposed as an energy-efficient power generation configuration with excellent environmental performance. However, there are safety and reliability concerns of the proposed ammonia-powered system that need to be addressed prior to its wider acceptance by the maritime community. Therefore, this is the first attempt to holistically examine the safety, operability, and reliability of an ammonia fuel-cell-powered ship, while considering the bunkering and fuel specifications. The proposed methodology includes the novel combination of a systematic preliminary hazard identification process with a functional and model-based approach for simulating the impact of various hazards. Furthermore, the critical faults and functional failures of the proposed system are identified and ranked according to their importance. This work can be beneficial for both shipowners and policymakers by introducing technical innovation and for supporting the future regulatory framework.

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“…They also assumed 37 % lower CAPEX for AE, low cost cavern hydrogen storage rather than steel tanks, higher AE efficiencies and made use of heat integration into their process. In Fasihi et al [43] the authors estimated costs for local ammonia production to be 350 EUR/t NH3 to 400 EUR/t NH3 in the Atacama desert and 500 EUR/t NH3 in Australia and the Western Asia and Northern Africa (WANA) region. This is consistent by a narrow margin with our most optimistic results at 5 % p.a.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Import options for chemical energy carriers from renewable sources to Germany

Hampp¹,

Düren²,

Brown³

2021

Preprint

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9 supply chains for synthetic chemical energy carriers from 8 countries to Germany analysed • Modelling at hourly resolution of wind and photovoltaic considering land availability and domestic demand • Lowest cost energy and hydrogen imports are by pipeline from Denmark, Spain and Western Asia and Northern Africa at 40.6 EUR/MWh LHV to 46.8 EUR/MWh LHV (1.4 EUR/kg H2 to 1.6 EUR/kg H2 ) in 2050 assuming 5 % p.a. capital cost • Importing energy carriers or hydrogen is generally cheaper than domestically producing their equivalents in Germany • Adaptation of renewable chemical energy carriers requires policy or other incentivising support to compensate for the cost gap to fossil counterparts • The model and data are made available under open licenses

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Global potential of green ammonia based on hybrid PV-wind power plants

Cited by 243 publications

References 42 publications

Comment on Seibert, M.K.; Rees, W.E. Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition. Energies 2021, 14, 4508

Comment on Seibert, M.K.; Rees, W.E. Through the Eye of a Needle: An Eco-Heterodox Perspective on the Renewable Energy Transition. Energies 2021, 14, 4508

Safety and Reliability Analysis of an Ammonia-Powered Fuel-Cell System

Import options for chemical energy carriers from renewable sources to Germany

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