Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study

Blach, Sarah; Zeuzem, Stefan; Manns, Michael P.; Altraif, Ibrahim; Duberg, Ann Sofi; Muljono, David Handojo; Waked, Imam; Alavian, Seyed M.; Lee, Hsuan-Shu; Negro, Francesco; Abaalkhail, Faisal; Abdou, Ahmed Ms; Abdulla, Maheeba; Rached, Antoine Abou; Aho, Inka; Akarca, Ulus Salih; Ghazzawi, Imad; Kaabi, Saad Al; Lawati, Faryal Al; Namaani, Khalid Al; Serkal, Y. Al; Al-Busafi, Said A.; Al-Dabal, L.; Aleman, Soo; Alghamdi, Abdullah S; Aljumah, Abdulrahman; Al-Romaihi, Hamad Eid; Andersson, Monique; Arendt, Vic; Arkkila, Perttu; Assiri, Abdullah M.; Baatarkhuu, Oidov; Bane, Abate; Ben‐Ari, Ziv; Bergin, Colm; Bessone, Fernando; Bihl, Florian; Bizri, Abdul Rahman; Blachier, Martin; Blasco, Antonio Javier; Mello, Carlos Eduardo Brandão; Bruggmann, Philip; Brunton, Cheryl; Calinas, Filipe; Chan, Henry Lik Yuen; Chaudhry, Asad; Cheinquer, Hugo; Chen, Chien Jen; Chien, Rong Nan; Choi, Moon Seok; Christensen, Peer Brehm; Chuang, Wan‐Long; Chulanov, Vladimir; Cisneros, Laura; Clausen, Mette Rye; Cramp, Matthew; Craxı̀, Antonio; Croes, Esther; Dalgård, Olav; Daruich, Jorge; Lédinghen, Victor de; Dore, Gregory J.; El-Sayed, Manal Hamdy; Ergör, Gül; Esmat, Gamal; Estes, Chris; Falconer, Karolin; Farag, Elmoubashar Abu Baker Abd; Ferraz, Maria Lúcia Gomes; Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão; Flisiak, Robert; Fraňková, Soňa; Gamkrelidze, Ivane; Gane, Ed; García-Samaniego, Javier; Khan, Amir Ghafoor; Gountas, Ilias; Goldiş, Adrian; Gottfreðsson, Magnús; Grebely, Jason; Gschwantler, Michael; Pessôa, Mário; Gunter, Jessie; Hajarizadeh, Behzad; Hajelssedig, O; Salehiniya, Hamid; Hamoudi, Waseem; Hatzakis, Angelos; Himatt, Sayed; Hofer, Harald; Hrstić, Irena; Hui, Yee Tak; Hunyady, Béla; İdilman, Ramazan; Jafri, Wasim; Jahis, Rohani; Janjua, Naveed Z.; Jarčuška, Peter; Jēruma, Agita; Jonasson, Jón G.; Kamel, Yasser; Kao, Jia‐Horng; Kaymakoğlu, Sabahattin; Kershenobich, David; Khamis, Jawad; Kim, Young S.; Kondili, Loreta A.; Koutoubi, Zaher; Krajden, Mel; Krarup, Henrik; Lai, Moon Sing; Laleman, Wim; Lao, Wai Cheung; Lavanchy, Daniel; Lázaro, Pablo; Leleu, Henri; Lesi, Olufunmilayo; Lesmana, Laurentius A.; Li, Michael; Liakina, Valentina; Lim, Young Suk; Lukšić, Boris; Mahomed, Adam; Maimets, Matti; Makara, Mihály; Malu, Abraham O.; Marinho, Rui Tato; Marotta, Paul; Mauss, Stefan; Memon, Muhammad Sadik; Corrêa, Maria Cássia Mendes; Méndez-Sánchez, Nahúm; Merat, Shahin; Metwally, Ammal M.; Mohamed, Rosmawati; Moreno, Christophe; Mourad, Fadi H.; Müllhaupt, Beat; Murphy, K; Nde, H.; Njouom, Richard; Nonković, Diana; Norris, Suzanne; Obekpa, Solomon; Oguche, Stephen; Ólafsson, Sigurđur; Oltman, Marián; Omede, Ogu; Omuemu, C; Opare-Sem, Ohene; Øvrehus, Anne; Owusu‐Ofori, Shirley; Oyunsuren, Tsendsuren; Papatheodoridis, George V.; Pasini, Ken; Peltekian, Kevork M.; Phillips, Richard Odame; Pimenov, Nikolay; Poustchi, Hossein; Prabdial-Sing, Nishi; Qureshi, Huma; Ramji, Alnoor; Razavi‐Shearer, Devin; Razavi‐Shearer, Kathryn; Redae, Berhane; Reesink, H. W.; Ridruejo, Ezequiel; Scott, Sarah Robbins; Roberts, Lewis R.; Roberts, Stuart K.; Rosenberg, William; Roudot‐Thoraval, Françoise; Ryder, Stephen; Safadi, Rifaat; Sagalova, Olga; Salupere, Riina; Sanai, Faisal M.; Ávila, Juan Francisco Sánchez; Saraswat, Vivek A.; Sarmento‐Castro, Rui; Sarrazin, Christoph; Schmelzer, Jonathan; Schréter, Ivan; Seguin-Devaux, Carole; Shah, Samir; Sharara, Ala I.; Sharma, Manik; Shevaldin, A.; Shiha, Gamal; Sievert, William; Sonderup, Mark; Souliotis, Kyriakos; Speičienė, Danutė; Šperl, Jan; Stärkel, Peter; Stauber, Rudolf; Stedman, Catherine; Struck, Daniel; Su, Tung‐Hung; Sypsa, Vana; Tan, Soek Siam; Tanaka, Junko; Thompson, Alexander; Tolmane, Ieva; Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof; Valantinas, Jonas; Damme, Pierre Van; Meer, Adriaan J. van der; Thiel, Ingo van; Vlierberghe, Hans Van; Vince, Adriana; Vogel, Wolfgang; Wedemeyer, Heiner; Weis, Nina; Wong, Vincent Wai‐Sun; Yaghi, César; Yosry, Ayman; Yuen, Man Fung; Yunihastuti, Evy; Yusuf, Aasim; Zuckerman, Eli; Razavi, Homie

doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30181-9

Cited by 1,678 publications

(942 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An estimated 71 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide and each year between 400 000 and 700 000 deaths are attributable to this virus 1, 2. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently called for HCV elimination 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hepatitis C cascade of care in people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Mohamed

Rwegasha

Kim

et al. 2018

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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SummaryThe World Health Organisation has recently called for hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination and has identified people who inject drugs (PWID) as a key population to scale‐up screening and linkage to care. This study reports the cascade of care for HCV in PWID attending the largest opioid substitution treatment (OST) clinic in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania. Between February 2011 and March 2016, HCV serology for all PWID registered at the Muhimbili National Hospital OST clinic, Dar‐es‐Salaam were obtained from records. In 2015, consecutive HCV‐seropositive PWID were invited to undergo a clinical evaluation including epidemiological questionnaire, liver stiffness measurement (Fibroscan) and virological analysis (HCV RNA viral load and genotyping). During the study period, 1350 persons registered at the OST clinic: all had a HCV serology including 409 (30%) positive results. Among the HCV‐seropositive individuals, 207 (51%) were active attenders and 153 (37%) were enrolled for clinical assessment: 141 (92%) were male, median age: 38 years (IQR 34‐41), and 65 (44%) were co‐infected with HIV; 116 patients (76%) had detectable HCV RNA, with genotypes 1a (68%) and 4a (32%); 21 (17%) had clinically significant fibrosis (≥F2) and 6 (5%) had cirrhosis (F4). None were offered HCV treatment. Chronic hepatitis C among PWID enrolled in the OST centre in Dar‐es‐Salaam is frequent, but its continuum of care is insufficient; integration of HCV diagnosis and treatment should form a part of OST intervention in PWID in Tanzania.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hepatitis C cascade of care in people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Mohamed

Rwegasha

Kim

et al. 2018

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…It is estimated that approximately 240 -350 million people are infected with HBV and 71 -115 million with HCV (1,2). HBV and HCV share the same modes of transmission and HBV/HCV co-infection is a frequent occurrence, especially in areas endemic for both viruses and among subjects with high risk of parenteral infections.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of HBV Reactivation in Patients Infected with HBV/HCV Treated with DAA

Pawłowska

Domagalski

2017

Hepat Mon

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The exact number of HBV/HCV co-infected patients is unknown. In many cases of HBV/HCV co-infection, HCV inhibits replication of HBV. After treatment and eradication of the dominant virus, the other one may then become active. The overall dominant effect appears to be hepatitis C over hepatitis B. Therefore, when planning treatment for eradication of HCV, the risk of HBV reactivation should be taken into account. In interferon-based therapies of patients with HBV/HCV co-infection, some cases of HBV reactivation without hepatitis were observed because IFN is effective against both viruses. In contrast, DAA treatment of hepatitis C in HBV/HCV co-infection is not well established. Currently, no clinical trials have been published regarding treatment of HBV/HCV co-infected patients with HCV DAA therapy. There is several research on HCV DAA therapy in HBV/HCV co-infection, which describes cases of HBV reactivation during and after DDA therapy for HCV. Result of the first available studies demonstrated that patients with HBV/HCV co-infection treated with DAA against HCV should be monitored for HBV reactivation during and after DAA treatment, even though HBV may be inactive at the time of treatment initiation.

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“…Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently estimated to be 1%, corresponding to about 70 million viremic people worldwide [1]. HCV infection untreated for many years can lead to serious consequences such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic decompensation and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of HCV Core Antigen and RNA Clearance during Therapy with Direct Acting Antivirals on Hepatic Stiffness Measured with Shear Wave Elastography in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis C

Łucejko

Flisiak

2018

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:To assess a combination of novel measures of therapeutic success in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection, we evaluated liver stiffness (LS) with shear wave elastography and hepatitis C virus core antigen (HCVcAg) concentrations. We followed 34 patients during and after treatment with direct acting antivirals. All patients achieved a sustained virologic and serologic response and a significant increase of albumin levels. Decreases of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level were observed during the treatment and follow-up period. A significant decrease in LS was observed between baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and at 24-and 96-week post-treatment follow-up. LS decline between EOT and 96-week follow-up (FU96) was observed in 79% of patients. Significant LS changes were seen in patients with advanced fibrosis, particularly in cirrhotics and in patients with ALT exceeding 100 IU/mL. There was a positive correlation between ALT activity and LS changes at the baseline versus FU96. A negative correlation was demonstrated between individual HCVcAg baseline concentrations and reduction of LS at the baseline versus FU96. In conclusion, we observed that LS significantly declined during and after antiviral treatment. It was accompanied by improvement in some liver function measures, and disappearance of both HCVcAg and HCV ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA).

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Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study

Abstract: John C Martin Foundation.

Cited by 1,678 publications

References 26 publications

The hepatitis C cascade of care in people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

The hepatitis C cascade of care in people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Risk of HBV Reactivation in Patients Infected with HBV/HCV Treated with DAA

Effect of HCV Core Antigen and RNA Clearance during Therapy with Direct Acting Antivirals on Hepatic Stiffness Measured with Shear Wave Elastography in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis C

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