Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wong, Wan Ling; Su, Xinyi; Li, Xiang; Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy; Klein, Ronald; Cheng, Ching‐Yu; Wong, Tien Yin

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70145-1

Cited by 3,913 publications

(3,003 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[38] In the same metaanalysis, prevalence in populations with African ancestry was lower than populations with European ancestry and closer to observed in Conceição das Crioulas. There was a greater number of subjects (5.1%) presenting atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, as a possible early sign of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

Oliveira¹,

Leitão²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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Purpose: To report ophthalmological findings from one quilombo remnant population, a Brazilian marginalized rural and slave-descendant community.Methods: Descriptive study of eye health from one of the largest quilombo communities in Brazil, located in Conceição das Crioulas, Pernambuco. Ophthalmic exam including visual acuity, refractive examination, biomicroscopy, fundus examination, tonometry and pachymetry was performed in a convenience sample of 255 residents over 40 years-old, representing approximately one third of the population in this age range.Results: Half of the subjects had never been examined by an ophthalmologist in their lives. Blindness was identified in 6.7% of participants and low vision in 8.6%. Visual impairment was caused mainly by cataract and uncorrected refractive errors. Cataract was found in 27.3% of subjects. Ametropia was documented in 71% of participants and the most prevalent refraction error was hyperopia. Prevalence of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration were respectively 5.4% and 1.9%. Pterygium was detected in 26.7% of participants. Correcting lenses were prescribed to 57.4% of individuals, 5.5% were referred for surgery, 2.7% to specialized clinics and 1.2% to additional tests. Conclusions:Blindness, cataract and pterygium were highly frequent in quilombo residents, and distribution of other ocular diseases were close to average published rates. Data collected may help planning preventive and promotive actions for eye health of socioeconomic disadvantaged quilombo populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

Oliveira¹,

Leitão²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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“…Basally, RPE is in close contact with Bruch’s membrane for barrier function forming an RPE-Bruch’s membrane (RPE-BM) complex. Aging and dysfunction of this system is closely linked to diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, which is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world [1,2]. Risk factors include lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity and smoking [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging and lifestyle on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium: cross-sectional study in a healthy Danish population

Harris

Subhi

Sørensen

2017

Pathobiology of Aging & Age-related Diseases

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Photoreceptors and their supporting retinal pigment epithelium constitute the key functional parts of the retina. Here, a study was undertaken to show how aging and lifestyle factors affect the photoreceptor layer and the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane complex (RPE-BM) in vivo in a healthy Danish population using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. This was a cross-sectional study of healthy humans aged ≥50 years. All participants were interviewed for medical history and lifestyle factors. Maculae of all participants were scanned using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The thickness of the photoreceptor layer and the RPE-BM was measured on one eye from each participant. In 150 eyes of 150 participants, it was found that aging was associated with a decrease in the thickness of the photoreceptor layer (−0.143 μm/year, P = 0.031) and an increase in the thickness of the RPE-BM layer (0.100 μm/year, P = 0.029) at the foveal minimum. Regarding lifestyle factors, alcohol intake or BMI were not associated with any significant trend, but physical inactivity and smoking had effects on the photoreceptor layer (decreased thickness) and the RPE-BM layer (increased thickness) indicating an accelerated aging process of the macula. Taken together, aging affects photoreceptors and the RPE-BM, and these aging trends are accelerated in smokers and the physically inactive.

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“…A ge-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world 1 and accounts for 5% of all blindness worldwide. 2 Humanized antibodies that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor have been widely used clinically over the past decade after several randomized controlled trials demonstrated their benefit in improving visual outcomes in patients with neovascular agerelated macular degeneration (nAMD).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaanalysis of Real-World Outcomes of Intravitreal Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Kim

Mehta

Barthelmes

et al. 2016

Retina

161

157

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PURPOSE: To report the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular agerelated macular degeneration (nAMD) in real-world practice. METHODS: Metaanalysis of 26,360 patients from 42 real-world observational studies reporting outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for nAMD published between 2007 and 2015. Baseline demographics, lesion type, and visual acuity (VA) were recorded. The weighted mean was calculated for change in VA and frequency of injections and visits during year 1, year 2, and 3 years. Local and systemic adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: The mean change in VA for patients receiving a treat-and-extend regimen was +8.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8 to 11.8), +6.7 (95% CI: 3.2 to 10.1), and +5.4 (95% CI: -4.1 to 14.9) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters at 1 year (n = 1,539), 2 years (n = 2,521), and 3 years (n = 1,298), in comparison with +3.5 (95% CI: 2.0 to 5.0), +1.3 (95% CI: -1.6 to 4.2), and -1.9 (95% CI: -9.8 to 6.0) ETDRS letters for pro re nata at 1 year (n = 20,247), 2 years (n = 14,408), and 3 years (n = 11,714). Treat-and-extend patients received on average more injections (6.9 vs. 4.7) but had fewer visits (7.6 vs. 9.2) in the first year. Baseline characteristics were similar between the regimens. The reported rate of endophthalmitis was 17 of 66,176 intravitreal injections (0.026%). CONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab for nAMD prevents severe visual loss in real-world practice. Patients can achieve visual gain from baseline, but the extent to which these are maintained in the long term may depend on the frequency of injections. Methods: Metaanalysis of 26,360 patients from 42 real-world observational studies reporting outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for nAMD published between 2007 and 2015. Baseline demographics, lesion type, and visual acuity (VA) were recorded. The weighted mean was calculated for change in VA and frequency of injections and visits during year 1, year 2, and $3 years. Local and systemic adverse events were recorded.Results: The mean change in VA for patients receiving a treat-and-extend regimen was +8.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8 to 11.8), +6.7 (95% CI: 3.2 to 10.1), and +5.4 (95% CI: 24.1 to 14.9) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters at 1 year (n = 1,539), 2 years (n = 2,521), and $3 years (n = 1,298), in comparison with +3.5 (95% CI: 2.0 to 5.0), +1.3 (95% CI: 21.6 to 4.2), and 21.9 (95% CI: 29.8 to 6.0) ETDRS letters for pro re nata at 1 year (n = 20,247), 2 years (n = 14,408), and $3 years (n = 11,714). Treat-andextend patients received on average more injections (6.9 vs. 4.7) but had fewer visits (7.6 vs. 9.2) in the first year. Baseline characteristics were similar between the regimens. The reported rate of endophthalmitis was 17 of 66,176 intravitreal injections (0.026%).Conclusion: Intravitreal ranibizumab for nAMD prevents severe visual loss in real-world practice. Patients can achieve visual gain from baseline, but the extent to which these are maintained in the long...

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Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: National Medical Research Council, Singapore.

Cited by 3,913 publications

References 43 publications

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

Effect of aging and lifestyle on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium: cross-sectional study in a healthy Danish population

Metaanalysis of Real-World Outcomes of Intravitreal Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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