Global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sukon, Peerapol; Nam, Nguyen Hoai; Kittipreeya, Picha; Sara-in, Apitchaya; Wawilai, Phatthanaprat; Inchuai, Rawikan; Weerakhun, Sompoth

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105370

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Interestingly, our findings are somewhat contrasting compared to other global studies investigating Chlamydiaceae in wild birds. For example, our detection rate is markedly higher than a recent review and meta‐analysis, which showed that avian chlamydial infections have been described on every continent in a wide range of birds, with a stable worldwide prevalence between 15% and 20% in the past decade (Sukon et al., 2021 ). Additionally, a study from Switzerland detected a low Chlamydiaceae prevalence of 0.9% from 42 avian families ( n = 339) (Stalder, Marti, Borel, Mattmann, et al., 2020 ), and a study from Poland detected a Chlamydiaceae prevalence of only 14.8% in 33 different avian families ( n = 894) (Szymańska‐Czerwińskaet, Mitura, Niemczuk, al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…However, no psittacine species were sampled in these studies, whereas multiple species of passerines were sampled in our study. Furthermore, most of the global findings are mainly driven by the ubiquitous reports of C. psittaci infections, with a paucity of studies describing other avian chlamydial species (Stokes et al., 2021 ; Sukon et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no psittacine species were sampled in these studies, whereas (Stokes et al, 2021;Sukon et al, 2021).…”

Section: Genetically Diverse Chlamydiaceae Infections Are Common Acro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging and well‐characterized chlamydial infections detected in a wide range of wild Australian birds

Kasimov

Dong

Shao

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Birds can act as successful long‐distance vectors and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens, which can be a concern given the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental health. Examples of such avian pathogens are members of the genus Chlamydia. Presently, there is a lack of research investigating chlamydial infections in Australian wild and captive birds and the subsequent risks to humans and other animals. In our current study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of chlamydial organisms infecting wild birds from Queensland and the rate of co‐infections with beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). We screened 1114 samples collected from 564 different birds from 16 orders admitted to the Australia Zoo Wildlife Hospital from May 2019 to February 2021 for Chlamydia and BFDV. Utilizing species‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, we revealed an overall Chlamydiaceae prevalence of 29.26% (165/564; 95% confidence interval (CI) 25.65–33.14), including 3.19% (18/564; 95% CI 2.03–4.99%) prevalence of the zoonotic Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydiaceae co‐infection with BFDV was detected in 9.75% (55/564; 95% CI 7.57–12.48%) of the birds. Molecular characterization of the chlamydial 16S rRNA and ompA genes identified C. psittaci, in addition to novel and other genetically diverse Chlamydia species: avian Chlamydia abortus, Ca. Chlamydia ibidis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, all detected for the first time in Australia within a novel avian host range (crows, figbirds, herons, kookaburras, lapwings and shearwaters). This study shows that C. psittaci and other emerging Chlamydia species are prevalent in a wider range of avian hosts than previously anticipated, potentially increasing the risk of spill‐over to Australian wildlife, livestock and humans. Going forward, we need to further characterize C. psittaci and other emerging Chlamydia species to determine their exact genetic identity, potential reservoirs, and factors influencing infection spill‐over.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging and well‐characterized chlamydial infections detected in a wide range of wild Australian birds

Kasimov

Dong

Shao

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…With humans being the primary host of COVID-19, C. psittaci predominantly infects birds and is only occasionally transmitted to humans [ 11 ]. The global prevalence of C. psittaci in birds is estimated around 20% and its transmission to humans has been reported regularly [ 12 , 13 ]. In 2020, Rybarczyk et al, presented the epidemiological data on psittacosis in Belgium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Cases of Atypical Pneumonia with Chlamydia psittaci: The Role of Laboratory Vigilance in the Diagnosis of Psittacosis

et al. 2022

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Chlamydia psittaci is an established zoonotic agent causing respiratory disease in humans. An infection often remains asymptomatic but can also result in flu-like illness, pneumonia or even multi-organ failure. This paper describes three patients, hospitalised at AZ Sint-Lucas Hospital, with atypical pneumonia who were diagnosed with C. psittaci after an in-depth anamnesis and laboratory investigation in the midst of the COVID pandemic. All three infections were confirmed with PCR and serology, whereas viable bacteria were only present for one patient. Genotyping revealed the presence of genotype B for patient 1 and 2 whereas ompA genotyping was unsuccessful for patient 3. This case report demonstrates the importance of a thorough patient history as close contact with birds is one of the main risk factors to contract the pathogen. Once exposure to birds has been confirmed, a diagnosis by a combination of PCR and serology is essential in order to initiate a treatment with the proper antibiotics. As psittacosis is still an underestimated and underdiagnosed disease, communication between laboratory, clinicians and bird fanciers is encouraged.

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“…Considering that studies providing a wide overview of diseases at the poultry/wild bird interface have provided valuable information in directing future research (Chen et al., 2019 ; Graziosi et al., 2022 ; Sawicka et al., 2020 ; Sukon et al., 2021 ), the present work aims to assess current knowledge on aMPV occurrence in wild birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the role of wild birds in avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) epidemiology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Graziosi

Lupini

Catelli

2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Given the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) disease burden in poultry worldwide and the evidence of a possible role played by wild birds in the virus epidemiology, the present study summarizes aMPV serological and molecular data on free‐ranging avifauna available in the literature by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis. A computerized literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, CAB Direct and Web of Science to identify relevant publications across the period 1990–2021, along with the screening of reference lists. A random‐effect model was applied to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index statistic (I2) was applied to assess between‐study heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses for molecular studies only were performed according to geographical area of samplings, taxonomic order, genus and migration patterns of the birds surveyed. A total of 11 publications on molecular surveys and 6 on serological ones were retained for analysis. The pooled molecular prevalence was 6% (95% CI: 1–13%) and a high between‐study heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 96%, p < .01). Moderator analyses showed statistically significant differences according to geographical area studied, taxonomic order and genus. Concerning serological prevalence, a pooled estimate of 14% (95% CI: 1–39%), along with a high between‐study heterogeneity, was obtained (I2 = 98%, p < .01). Moderator analysis was not performed due to the scarcity of eligible serological studies included. Overall, molecular and serological evidence suggests that some wild bird taxa could play a role in aMPV epidemiology. Particularly, wild ducks, geese, gulls and pheasants, according to scientific contributions hereby considered, proved to be susceptible to aMPV, and due to host ecology, may act as a viral carrier or reservoir. Further surveys of wild birds are encouraged for a better comprehension of the poultry/wild bird interface in aMPV epidemiology and for better characterizing the virus host breadth.

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Global prevalence of chlamydial infections in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Emerging and well‐characterized chlamydial infections detected in a wide range of wild Australian birds

Emerging and well‐characterized chlamydial infections detected in a wide range of wild Australian birds

Three Cases of Atypical Pneumonia with Chlamydia psittaci: The Role of Laboratory Vigilance in the Diagnosis of Psittacosis

Disentangling the role of wild birds in avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) epidemiology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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