Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of acute gastroenteritis from 1997 to 2021: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Liao, Yuning; Hong, Xiaojing; Wu, Aiwu; Jiang, Yueting; Liang, Yanhui; Gao, Junshan; Xue, L.; Kou, Xiaoxia

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105259

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The pooled prevalence was also higher in community-based studies that is 25.24% (95% CI: 20.2, 28.9) as compared to 20.30, and 18.68% for studies conducted among hospitalized, and OPD, respectively. A comparable gradient of decreasing prevalence was also reported from one previous global systematic review conducted from 1997 to 2021 that is 20, 18, and 15% for studies conducted in community, outpatients, and hospital settings, respectively [ 37 ]. A comparable result was also reported in another previous global systematic review with 24, 20, and 17% for community and outpatient settings, and inpatient settings, respectively [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Pooled prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Afework

Shumie

Endalew

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Background Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups globally. The problem is magnified in developing countries including Africa. These viruses are highly prevalent with high genetic diversity and fast evolution rates. With this dynamicity, there are no recent review in the past five years in Africa. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses in Africa and tried to address the change in the prevalence and genetic diverisity the virus has been observed in Africa and in the world. Methods Twenty-one studies for the pooled prevalence, and 11 out of the 21 studies for genetic characterization of norovirus were included. Studies conducted since 2006, among symptomatic cases of all age groups in Africa, conducted with any study design, used molecular diagnostic methods and reported since 2015, were included and considered for the main meta-analysis. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to obtain the studies. The quality the studies was assessed using the JBI assessment tool. Data from studies reporting both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, that did not meet the inclusion criteria were reviewed and included as discussion points. Data was entered to excel and imported to STATA 2011 to compute the prevalence and genetic diversity. Heterogeneity was checked using I2 test statistics followed by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and eggers test that was followed by trim and fill analysis. Result The pooled prevalence of norovirus was 20.2% (95% CI: 15.91, 24.4). The highest (36.3%) prevalence was reported in Ghana. Genogroup II noroviruses were dominant and reported as 89.5% (95% CI: 87.8, 96). The highest and lowest prevalence of this genogroup were reported in Ethiopia (98.3%), and in Burkina Faso (72.4%), respectively. Diversified genotypes had been identified with an overall prevalence of GII. 4 NoV (50.8%) which was followed by GII.6, GII.17, GI.3 and GII.2 with a pooled prevalence of 7.7, 5.1, 4.6, and 4.2%, respectively. Conclusion The overall pooled prevalence of norovirus was high in Africa with the dominance of genogroup II and GII.4 genotype. This prevalence is comparable with some reviews done in the same time frame around the world. However, in Africa, an in increasing trained of pooled prevalence had been reported through time. Likewise, a variable distribution of non-GII.4 norovirus genotypes were reported as compared to those studies done in the world of the same time frame, and those previous reviews done in Africa. Therefore, continuous surveillance is required in Africa to support future interventions and vaccine programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Pooled prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Afework

Shumie

Endalew

et al. 2022

Virol J

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“…Worldwide, human noroviruses are responsible for 16% of the sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis [ 1 ]. Although the norovirus illnesses are self-limiting in healthy individuals, the risk they pose to young children, elderly people, and immunocompromised patients cannot be ignored [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid screening for antigenic characterization of GII.17 norovirus strains with variations in capsid gene

Liao

Xue²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Gut Pathog

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The emergence of the novel GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 norovirus variant raising the interest of the public, has replaced GII.4 as the predominant cause of noroviruses outbreaks in East Asia during 2014–2015. Antigenic variation of the capsid protein is considered as one of the key mechanisms of norovirus evolution. In this study, we screened a panel of GII.17 mutants. First, we produced norovirus P proteins using cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, comparing the results to pure proteins expressed in a cell-based system. Next, we determined the binding capability of specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2D11 using a unique set of wild-type GII.17 strains. Results of the EIA involving a panel of mutant cell-free proteins indicated that Q298 was the key residue within loop 1. These data highlighted the essential residues in the linear antibody binding characteristics of novel GII.17. Furthermore, it supported the CFPS as a promising tool for rapidly screening mutants via the scalable expression of norovirus P proteins.

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“…Previously, a global systematic review showed that between 1997 and 2021, the pooled global prevalence of norovirus was 16% over the last 20 years. 17 These suggested that we should pay more attention to the impact of calicivirus especially was found in 11.8% of the stool samples, which is higher percentage than previously reported in China. 18,19 Adenovirus infection occurs worldwide, with a detection rate of 12.5% in Japan, 15.0% reported in the United Kingdom, and a lower rate of 2.8% in Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It is worth noting that norovirus accounts for 90.2% of the calicivirus in our study. Previously, a global systematic review showed that between 1997 and 2021, the pooled global prevalence of norovirus was 16% over the last 20 years 17 . These suggested that we should pay more attention to the impact of calicivirus especially norovirus on infants and young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral infection among children under the age of 5 with diarrhea in Shenyang from 2018 to 2020: A hospital‐based study

Dong

Ying

Chai

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death among children, especially in the age under 5, but few studies are available on viral diarrhea in Shenyang. To understand the infection status and the relevant epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea and to fill gaps of the distribution of viruses across Shenyang in children under the age of 5 with diarrhea, from 2018 to 2020, stool specimens of children with diarrhea aged 0-59 months and surveillance data were collected in Sentinel Hospital of Shenyang. Specimens were then tested to determine the type of viruses, the seasonal and spatial patterns for major viruses were determined. Viruses were identified in 47.9% of the 897 samples from children with diarrhea. The main viruses of stool samples were rotavirus (16.9%, predominant type G9P[8]), calicivirus (14.7%), adenovirus (11.8%), and astrovirus (4.5%). Viral infections were mainly detected in the age of 0-12 months. In the area of Shenyang, Huanggu had the most cases (198, 22.1%), followed by Dadong (137, 15.3%) and Hunnan (135, 15.1%). The positive rate of viruses varied among patients of different ages, seasons, and regions. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different age groups, seasons, and regions.

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Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of acute gastroenteritis from 1997 to 2021: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Pooled prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pooled prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rapid screening for antigenic characterization of GII.17 norovirus strains with variations in capsid gene

Viral infection among children under the age of 5 with diarrhea in Shenyang from 2018 to 2020: A hospital‐based study

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