Global production of seasonal and pandemic (H1N1) influenza vaccines in 2009–2010 and comparison with previous estimates and global action plan targets

Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose

“…Current virus-based vaccine production methods are time-consuming; they require over 5 mo of lead time, and output can be complicated by scale-up and yield issues, as experienced in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (53). Vaccines based on gene delivery by viral vectors such as adenovirus, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), adeno-associated virus (AAV), or CMV face the additional challenge of preexisting or induced antivector immunity, which precludes repeated administration.…”

“…Thus, this platform is capable of generating protection against representative diseases from all three categories of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases' Priority Pathogen List for emerging and rapidly increasing threats (52). Importantly, generation of a new MDNP vaccine system composed of these dendrimers and replicon RNA takes only about 1 wk, in contrast to the cell culture and fertilized egg systems that can take 6 mo or more to develop (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58). In addition, postproduction purification required for this MDNP system is minimal, as is the risk of contaminating allergens relative to existing vaccine systems (59)(60)(61).…”

Improvement of H5N1 influenza vaccine viruses: Influence of internal gene segments of avian and human origin on production and hemagglutinin content

“…A subsequent study confirmed the low HA content of NIBRG-14 compared to two other H5 vaccine and wild type viruses [19]. A similar problem was recently also encountered for reassortant vaccine seeds targeting the pandemic H1N1-2009 virus [20]. The poor growth of the initial pandemic H1N1-2009 vaccine viruses resulted in a considerable shortage and delay in the distribution of H1N1 vaccine extending the period of time during which risk groups could not be protected by immunoprophylaxis.…”

“…The rapid generation and large scale production of a matched vaccine virus is a major challenge for global health during a pandemic influenza outbreak to protect individuals against infection with a novel virus strain [20] and [34]. In such a situation it is required to have immediate access to a well growing vaccine virus that incorporates a high amount of the major protective viral antigen HA into its surface membrane.…”

Seasonal influenza vaccine policy, use and effectiveness in the tropics and subtropics – a systematic literature review

“…It increased by 87% between 2004 and 2011 but by only 3% per annum in the last 3 years 30. Less than 20% of the global seasonal influenza vaccine was produced by regional manufacturers in tropical and subtropical countries 31. In China, despite an 18% annual increase in vaccine supply since 2005, local manufacturers supplied 32·5 million doses of seasonal influenza vaccine in 2008–2009 season against an estimated domestic need of 570 million doses per year 32.…”