Global production, use, and emission volumes of short-chain chlorinated paraffins – A minimum scenario

Glüge, Juliane; Wang, Zhanyun; Bogdal, Christian; Scheringer, Martin; Hungerbühler, Konrad

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.105

Cited by 248 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is noteworthy, as there are no known natural sources of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) [72]. CPs, including chloro-alkanes (C 10-13 ), are widely used in the production of refrigerants, solvents, plasticisers and fireretarding agents [73]. Naphthalene (C 10 H 8 ), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is derived from petroleum distillation and is used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, fuels and insecticides.…”

Section: Ancient and Modern Im Metabolic Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

et al. 2020

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Background: The archaeological incidence of ancient human faecal material provides a rare opportunity to explore the taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity of the ancestral human intestinal microbiome (IM). Here, we report the results of the shotgun metagenomic analyses of an ancient South African palaeo-faecal specimen. Methods: Following the recovery of a single desiccated palaeo-faecal specimen from Bushman Rock Shelter in Limpopo Province, South Africa, we applied a multi-proxy analytical protocol to the sample. The extraction of ancient DNA from the specimen and its subsequent shotgun metagenomic sequencing facilitated the taxonomic and metabolic characterisation of this ancient human IM. Results: Our results indicate that the distal IM of the Neolithic 'Middle Iron Age' (c. AD 1460) Bantu-speaking individual exhibits features indicative of a largely mixed forager-agro-pastoralist diet. Subsequent comparison with the IMs of the Tyrolean Iceman (Ötzi) and contemporary Hadza hunter-gatherers, Malawian agro-pastoralists and Italians reveals that this IM precedes recent adaptation to 'Western' diets, including the consumption of coffee, tea, chocolate, citrus and soy, and the use of antibiotics, analgesics and also exposure to various toxic environmental pollutants.

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Section: Ancient and Modern Im Metabolic Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

et al. 2020

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“…SCCPs are in general unreactive, flame retardive and lubricative compounds and, therefore in high demand. The cumulative chlorinated paraffin (CP) production volume is estimated to be 13 million tonnes (1935e2012) [2], which is ca. 10-fold higher than that of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [3], and production is ongoing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments and interlaboratory study of the analysis of short-chain chlorinated paraffins

Mourik

Veen

Crum

et al. 2018

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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To survey the conformity and quality of the results between laboratories for short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) determination, we reviewed current and novel analytical methods and organized four worldwide laboratory exercises between 2011 and 2017. Participants were requested to analyse test solutions and extracts of various matrices with their method of choice. Thirty-three laboratories participated (9e22 per round), of which 55e81% were able to submit data. Large differences in results between laboratories were found (CVs 23e137%) but results improved over time, while the levels in the test materials decreased. In the last round acceptable CV values (<25%) were obtained for the test solution. In the last round, results obtained by the GCeECNI-LRMS technique varied most, which is disconcerting as this technique is most commonly applied. We strongly suggest to continue monitoring comparability of laboratories to assess consensus in SCCP analysis, with a focus on quantification procedures applied.

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“…This is noteworthy, as there are no known natural sources of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) ( 72 ). CPs, including chloro-alkanes (C 10-13 ), are widely used in the production of refrigerants, solvents, plasticisers and fire-retarding agents ( 73 ). Naphthalene (C 10 H 8 ), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is derived from petroleum distillation and used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, fuels and insecticides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15^th century ‘Middle Iron Age’ Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

Rifkin

Vikram

Ramond

et al. 2019

Preprint

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ABSTRACTThe archaeological incidence of ancient human faecal material provides a rare opportunity to explore the taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity of the ancestral human intestinal microbiome (IM). Following the recovery of a single desiccated palaeo-faecal specimen from Bushman Rock Shelter in Limpopo Province, South Africa, we applied a multi-proxy analytical protocol to the sample. Our results indicate that the distal IM of the Neolithic ‘Middle Iron Age’ (c. AD 1485) Bantu-speaking individual exhibits features indicative of a largely mixed forager-agro-pastoralist diet. Subsequent comparison with the IMs of the Tyrolean Iceman (Ötzi) and contemporary Hadza hunter-gatherers, Malawian agro-pastoralists and Italians, reveals that this IM precedes recent adaptation to ‘Western’ diets, including the consumption of coffee, tea, chocolate, citrus and soy, and the use of antibiotics, analgesics and also exposure to various toxic environmental pollutants. Our analyses reveal some of the causes and means by which current human IMs are likely to have responded to recent dietary changes, prescription medications and environmental pollutants, providing rare insight into human IM evolution following the advent of the Neolithic c. 12,000 years ago.

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Global production, use, and emission volumes of short-chain chlorinated paraffins – A minimum scenario

Cited by 248 publications

References 13 publications

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

Developments and interlaboratory study of the analysis of short-chain chlorinated paraffins

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15^th century ‘Middle Iron Age’ Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

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Global production, use, and emission volumes of short-chain chlorinated paraffins – A minimum scenario

Cited by 248 publications

References 13 publications

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century Middle Iron Age Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

Developments and interlaboratory study of the analysis of short-chain chlorinated paraffins

Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15th century ‘Middle Iron Age’ Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome

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Multi-proxy analyses of a mid-15^th century ‘Middle Iron Age’ Bantu-speaker palaeo-faecal specimen elucidates the configuration of the ‘ancestral’ sub-Saharan African intestinal microbiome