Global, Regional, and National Burden of Kidney, Bladder, and Prostate Cancers and Their Attributable Risk Factors, 1990-2019

Abstract

Background: To investigate the burden and attributable risk factors for three genitourinary cancers in 204 countries and territories during 30 years.Methods: We extracted data of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). The associations between cancers burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) were also analyzed.Results: Compared with 1990, the global incident cases of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers have increased by 154.78%, 123.34%, and 169.11% in 2019. The ASMR and ASDR of bladder cancer (EAPC = -0.68 for ASMR, EAPC = -0.83 for ASDR) and prostate cancer (EAPC = -0.75 for ASMR, EAPC = -0.71 for ASDR) showed a downward trend, but kidney cancer increased (EAPC = 0.35 for ASMR, EAPC = 0.12 for ASDR). Of all cancers, incidence, mortality, and DALYs were higher in the high-level SDI regions and countries. The burden of bladder cancer and prostate cancer was mainly distributed among older men, while the burden of kidney cancer increases among younger men. Smoking related mortality and DALYs decreased, but high body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose related mortality and DALYs increased among kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers between 1990 and 2019.Conclusions: Kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers remain the major global public health challenge until 2019. We suggest the 204 countries and territories to take positive cancer prevention and intervention strategies, especially the urologists and urological related academic associations.

Shortened time to diagnosis for patients suspected of urinary bladder cancer managed in a standardized care pathway was associated with an improvement in tumour characteristics

“…There are several factors that can contribute to delays in management of UBC including lack of awareness or knowledge from the public about disease symptoms, and delay in diagnostic testing and referral to specialists. [12][13][14][15] Socioeconomic and demographic factors, such as low-income and minority status, may also play a role in delay to treatment. 15 Therefore, SCP may be important to raise public awareness about the disease, improve education in the primary care units and implement systems to streamline the diagnostic and referral process for patients with suspected UBC.…”

“…[12][13][14][15] Socioeconomic and demographic factors, such as low-income and minority status, may also play a role in delay to treatment. 15 Therefore, SCP may be important to raise public awareness about the disease, improve education in the primary care units and implement systems to streamline the diagnostic and referral process for patients with suspected UBC. 7,9 On the other hand, a shorter time from referral to TURBT does not necessarily result in a shorter time to definitive treatment with, for example, cystectomy, 16,17 which emphasizes the importance of taking the entire process from symptom to definitive treatment into account.…”

Disease Burden and Changing Trends of Kidney Cancer between 1990 and 2021: A Comparative Analysis of China and the World

“…Previous studies have explored the impact of socioeconomic status on the changing burden of kidney cancer [3][4] [5] . Recent research has shown that exposure to various risk factors has played a role in in uencing the prevalence of kidney cancer [6] .…”