Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Bender, Rose Grace; Sirota, Sarah Brooke; Swetschinski, Lucien R; Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva; Novotney, Amanda; Wool, Eve E; Ikuta, Kevin S; Vongpradith, Avina; Rogowski, Emma Lynn Best; Doxey, Matthew; Troeger, Christopher E; Albertson, Samuel B; Ma, Jianing; He, Jiawei; Maass, Kelsey Lynn; A.F.Simões, Eric; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdul Aziz, Jeza Muhamad; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abu Rumeileh, Samir; Abualruz, Hasan; Aburuz, Salahdein; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adha, Rishan; Adikusuma, Wirawan; Adra, Saryia; Afraz, Ali; Aghamiri, Shahin; Agodi, Antonella; Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Ayman; Akinosoglou, Karolina; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Albashtawy, Mohammed; AlBataineh, Mohammad T.; Alemi, Hediyeh; Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed; Ali, Abid; Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait; Alqahtani, Jaber S; AlQudah, Mohammad; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Alzoubi, Karem H; Amani, Reza; Amegbor, Prince M; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amuasi, John H; Anil, Abhishek; Anyanwu, Philip Emeka; Arafat, Mosab; Areda, Damelash; Arefnezhad, Reza; Atalell, Kendalem Asmare; Ayele, Firayad; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Babamohamadi, Hassan; Babin, François-Xavier; Bahurupi, Yogesh; Baker, Stephen; Banik, Biswajit; Barchitta, Martina; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Basharat, Zarrin; Baskaran, Pritish; Batra, Kavita; Batra, Ravi; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Beloukas, Apostolos; Berkley, James A; Beyene, Kebede A; Bhargava, Ashish; Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini; Bielicki, Julia A; Bilalaga, Mariah Malak; Bitra, Veera R; Brown, Colin Stewart; Burkart, Katrin; Bustanji, Yasser; Carr, Sinclair; Chahine, Yaacoub; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chopra, Hitesh; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Eunice; Dadana, Sriharsha; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darban, Isaac; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; Dashtkoohi, Mohadese; Dekker, Denise Myriam; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Dhama, Kuldeep; Diao, Nancy; Do, Thao Huynh Phuong; Dokova, Klara Georgieva; Dolecek, Christiane; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Eckmanns, Tim; Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz; Efendi, Ferry; Eftekharimehrabad, Aziz; Eyre, David William; Fahim, Ayesha; Feizkhah, Alireza; Felton, Timothy William; Ferreira, Nuno; Flor, Luisa S; Gaihre, Santosh; Gebregergis, Miglas W; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Geffers, Christine; Gerema, Urge; Ghaffari, Kazem; Goldust, Mohamad; Goleij, Pouya; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa; Guo, Cui; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Ishita; Habibzadeh, Farrokh; Hadi, Najah R; Haeuser, Emily; Hailu, Wase Benti; Hajibeygi, Ramtin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Haller, Sebastian; Hamiduzzaman, Mohammad; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hansel, Jan; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Haubold, Johannes; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Huynh, Hong-Han; Iregbu, Kenneth Chukwuemeka; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jalili, Mahsa; Jomehzadeh, Nabi; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Kabir, Md. Awal; Kamal, Zul; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kantar, Rami S.; Karimi Behnagh, Arman; Kaur, Navjot; Kaur, Harkiran; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan suheb, Mahammed Ziauddin; Khanal, Vishnu; Khatab, Khaled; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Kim, Grace; Kim, Kwanghyun; Kitila, Aiggan Tamene Tamene; Komaki, Somayeh; Krishan, Kewal; Krumkamp, Ralf; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Latifinaibin, Kaveh; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Diep Thanh; Lee, Seung Won; LEPAPE, Alain; Lerango, Temesgen L.; Li, Ming-Chieh; Mahboobipour, Amir Ali; Malhotra, Kashish; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Manoharan, Anand; Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso; Mathioudakis, Alexander G.; Mattiello, Rita; May, Jürgen; McManigal, Barney; McPhail, Steven M; Mekene Meto, Tesfahun; Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Merati, Mohsen; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mhlanga, Laurette; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Misganaw, Awoke; Mishra, Vinaytosh; Misra, Arup Kumar; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammed, Mesud; Mohammed, Mustapha; Mokdad, Ali H; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moore, Catrin E; Motappa, Rohith; Mougin, Vincent; Mousavi, Parsa; Mulita, Francesk; Mulu, Atsedemariam Andualem; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Nargus, Shumaila; Negaresh, Mohammad; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Dang H; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos; Noman, Efaq Ali; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Odetokun, Ismail A.; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olana, Matifan Dereje; Olanipekun, Titilope O; Olasupo, Omotola O.; Olivas-Martinez, Antonio; Ordak, Michal; Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar; Ouyahia, Amel; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pak, Anton; Pandey, Anamika; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Parija, Pragyan Paramita; Parikh, Romil R; Park, Seoyeon; Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha; Pashaei, Ava; Peprah, Prince; Pham, Hoang Tran; Poddighe, Dimitri; Pollard, Andrew; Ponce-De-Leon, Alfredo; Prakash, Peralam Yegneswaran; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Quan, Nguyen Khoi; Raee, Pourya; Rahim, Fakher; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmati, Masoud; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ranjan, Shubham; Rao, Indu Ramachandra; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rattanavong, Sayaphet; Ravikumar, Nakul; Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna; Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed; Reiner, Robert C; Reyes, Luis Felipe; Roberts, Tamalee; Rodrigues, Mónica; Rosenthal, Victor Daniel; Roy, Priyanka; Runghien, Tilleye; Saeed, Umar; Saghazadeh, Amene; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sahu, Monalisha; Sakshaug, Joseph W; Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa; Saleh, Mohamed A.; Salehi omran, Hossein; Sallam, Malik; Samadzadeh, Sara; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Sarasmita, Made Ary; Saravanan, Aswini; Sartorius, Benn; Saulam, Jennifer; Schumacher, Austin E; Seyedi, Seyed Arsalan; Shafie, Mahan; Shahid, Samiah; Sham, Sunder; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali; Shastry, Rajesh P.; Sherchan, Samendra P; Shiferaw, Desalegn; Shittu, Aminu; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Sinto, Robert; Sood, Aayushi; Sorensen, Reed J D; Stergachis, Andy; Stoeva, Temenuga Zhekova; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Szarpak, Lukasz; Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tessema, Melkamu B Tessema; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Tran, Nghia Minh; Tran, Ngoc-Ha; Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya; Ty, Sree Sudha; Udoakang, Aniefiok John; Ulhaq, Inam; Umar, Tungki Pratama; Umer, Abdurezak Adem; Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Van den Eynde, Jef; Walson, Judd L; Waqas, Muhammad; Xing, Yuhan; Yadav, Mukesh Kumar; Yahya, Galal; Yon, Dong Keon; Zahedi Bialvaei, Abed; Zakham, Fathiah; Zeleke, Abyalew Mamuye; Zhai, Chunxia; Zhang, Zhaofeng; Zhang, Haijun; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zheng, Peng; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Vos, Theo; Hay, Simon I; Mosser, Jonathan F.; Lim, Stephen S; Naghavi, Mohsen; Murray, Christopher J L; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00176-2

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

2024

DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00176-2

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Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Rose Grace Bender,

Sarah Brooke Sirota,

Lucien R Swetschinski

et al.

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Cited by 34 publications

References 96 publications

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An Outbreak of Human Adenovirus Infection Among Children Post COVID‐19 Pandemic in Southern China

Wang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important pathogen causing pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI) before COVID‐19 pandemic. Since January 2023, China has reported ARI outbreaks attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other respiratory viruses. In this study, a total of 276 737 pediatric patients with ARI were enrolled from January 2023 to April 2024. HAdV‐positive samples were identified by real‐time PCR. The monthly frequency of HAdV infection remained below 0.9% through July 2023, with a gradual rise to 1.03% in November and 2.92% in December. A significant surge was observed in the early months of 2024, with HAdV‐positive rate spiking to 10.81% (3025/27992) in January and 10.75% (1393/12954) in February. The adenovirus outbreak peaked during the third to fifth week of 2024, with the highest recorded ratio of 23.86% (131/549) on January 29, 2024. Among the 600 samples that were typed, the predominant subtypes were HAdV‐B3 (96%) and HAdV‐C1 (2.67%). Phylogenetic analysis of two HAdV‐B3 strains revealed close genomic similarity to the strain BJ20170281, which was isolated in Beijing, China, in 2017. HAdV‐B3 has triggered an outbreak in Southern China in winter, an atypical epidemic season, following the COVID‐19 pandemic. Ongoing surveillance of circulating pathogens including HAdV is necessary to prevent ARI outbreaks.

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An Outbreak of Human Adenovirus Infection Among Children Post COVID‐19 Pandemic in Southern China

Wang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci: Co‐colonization, interactions, cooperation and competition

McMahon,

Ware,

Grimwood

et al. 2024

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are pathobionts that share common environmental niches within the upper respiratory tract. They can form part of the resident upper airway microbiota, but under certain environmental circumstances become pathogenic and induce disease. In children, both organisms have a considerable impact on the healthcare system, commonly causing acute otitis media and pneumonia. They are also associated with chronic biofilm‐mediated respiratory infections, such as persistent middle ear effusions and chronic suppurative otitis media, and in the lower airways with protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Consequently, both organisms are responsible for large numbers of antibiotic prescriptions and substantial healthcare costs. The complex relationship between NTHi and pneumococcal co‐interaction during colonization, infection and biofilm formation is poorly understood and a greater understanding is needed to facilitate development of future therapies, and novel interventions and prevention strategies. Co‐infections with both bacteria can result in more severe disease, with disease severity likely mediated by their ability to cooperate in some in vivo niches. However, this relationship is not always straightforward, as under certain conditions, these two bacteria compete rather than cooperate. Current opinion supports developing a vaccine targeting NTHi strains, as well as a combined vaccine targeting both NTHi and pneumococci to decrease the respiratory disease burden in young children. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interactions between NTHi and pneumococci and speculates on the future directions of research to understand how these bacteria co‐exist and how to better prevent and treat NTHi and pneumococcal infection.

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Analysis of the potentially pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infections in children per-, during and post-COVID-19: a retrospective study

Xu,

Meng,

et al. 2024

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Cited by 34 publications

References 96 publications

An Outbreak of Human Adenovirus Infection Among Children Post COVID‐19 Pandemic in Southern China

An Outbreak of Human Adenovirus Infection Among Children Post COVID‐19 Pandemic in Southern China

Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci: Co‐colonization, interactions, cooperation and competition

Analysis of the potentially pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infections in children per-, during and post-COVID-19: a retrospective study

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