Global relationship of fire occurrence and fire intensity: A test of intermediate fire occurrence‐intensity hypothesis

Luo, Ruisen; Hui, Dafeng; Miao, Ning; Liang, Chuan; Wells, Nicholas

doi:10.1002/2016jg003722

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Particularly, the percolation model shows that BA can drop dramatically once 50 %-60 % of the available fuel has burned, which is close to the maximum percentage of BA detected by both MCD64A1 and FireCCI41 products (Giglio et al, 2013;Chuvieco et al, 2016). The IFOI hypothesis, proposed by Luo et al (2017) to explain why fire occurrence is limited by fire intensity, can be interpreted as a direct consequence of percolation theory applied to fire-prone ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Recent studies (Pausas and Ribeiro, 2013;Luo et al, 2017) have shown that fire occurrence, defined as the number of remotely detected active fires in units of time per unit of area, increases with fire intensity up until a threshold is reached (so-called intermediate fire occurrence-intensity (IFOI) hypothesis) above which occurrence decreases with increasing intensity. Since ignition and propagation are different processes and are not driven by the same climatic variables, it is necessary to go beyond fire occurrence and BA and to consider individual fire events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Varying relationships between fire radiative power and fire size at a global scale

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Vegetation fires are an important process in the Earth system. Fire intensity locally impacts fuel consumption, damage to the vegetation, chemical composition of fire emissions and also how fires spread across landscapes. It has been observed that fire occurrence, defined as the frequency of active fires detected by the MODIS sensor, is related to intensity with a hump-shaped empirical relation, meaning that occurrence reaches a maximum at intermediate fire intensity. Raw burned area products obtained from remote sensing can not discriminate between ignition and propagation processes. To go beyond burned area and to test if fire size is driven by fire intensity at a global scale as expected from empirical fire spread models, we used the newly delivered global FRY database, which provides fire patch functional traits based on satellite observation, including fire patch size, and the fire radiative power measures from the MCD14ML dataset. This paper describes the varying relationships between fire size and fire radiative power across biomes at a global scale. We show that in most fire regions of the world defined by the GFED database, the linear relationship between fire radiative power and fire patch size saturates for a threshold of intermediate-intensity fires. The value of this threshold differs from one region to another and depends on vegetation type. In the most fire-prone savanna regions, once this threshold is reached, fire size decreases for the most intense fires, which mostly happen in the late fire season. According to the percolation theory, we suggest that the decrease in fire size for more intense late season fires is a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of fuel continuity throughout the fire season and suggest that landscape-scale feedbacks should be developed in global fire modules.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying relationships between fire radiative power and fire size at a global scale

et al. 2019

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“…In contrast, the mean MODIS FRP is considerably higher in these latitudes than in the Tropics, especially in North America, Siberia, and Australia. This is consistent with previous studies based on satellite data of active fires that report a general inverse relationship between fire occurrence and observed FRP in most biomass burning ecosystems for intermediateand high-intensity fires (Giglio et al, 2006;Luo et al, 2017;Andela et al, 2019;Haas et al, 2022). Elevated FRP is typically associated with large and intense fires (Rogers et al, 2015), especially in temperate and boreal forested ecosystems where high fuel densities and fuel continuity in the landscape favour expanded, high-intensity, long-duration wildfires (Andela et al, 2019;Laurent et al, 2019).…”

Section: Influence From Fire Intensity and Plume Altitudesupporting

confidence: 93%

Pyrogenic HONO seen from space: insights from global IASI observations

Franco,

Clarisse,

Theys

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a key atmospheric component, acting as a major source of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the primary oxidant in the Earth's atmosphere. However, understanding its spatial and temporal variability remains a significant challenge. Recent TROPOMI/S5P UV-Vis measurements of fresh fire plumes shed light on the impact of global pyrogenic HONO emissions. Here, we leverage IASI/Metop's global infrared satellite measurements, complementing midday TROPOMI observations with morning and evening overpasses, to detect and retrieve pyrogenic HONO in 2007–2023. Employing a sensitive detection method, we identify HONO enhancements within concentrated fire plumes worldwide. Most detections are in the North Hemisphere mid and high latitudes, where intense wildfires and high injection heights favour HONO detection. IASI's nighttime measurements yield tenfold more HONO detections than daytime, emphasizing HONO's extended lifetime in the absence of photolysis during the night. The annual detection count increases by at least 3–4 times throughout the IASI time series, mirroring the recent surge in intense wildfires at these latitudes. Additionally, we employ a neural network-based algorithm for retrieving pyrogenic HONO total columns from IASI and compare them with TROPOMI in the same fire plumes. The results demonstrate TROPOMI's efficacy in capturing HONO enhancements in smaller fire plumes and in proximity to fire sources, while IASI's morning and evening overpasses enable HONO measurements further downwind, highlighting the survival of HONO or its secondary formation along long-range transport in smoke plumes.

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“…Particularly, the percolation model shows that BA dropped dramatically once 50-60% of the available fuel has burned, which is close to the maximum percentage of BA detected by both MCD64A1 and FireCCI41 products (Giglio et al 2013, Chuvieco et al 2016. The IFOI hypothesis, proposed by Luo et al (2017) to explain why fire occurrence is limited by fire intensity, can be interpreted as a direct consequence of percolation theory applied to fire-prone ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Varying relationships between fire intensity and fire size at global scale

Laurent

Mouillot

Moreno

et al. 2018

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Vegetation fires are an important process in the Earth system. Fire intensity locally impacts fuel consumption, damage to the vegetation, chemical composition of fire emissions but also how fires spread across landscapes. It has been observed that fire occurrence, defined as the frequency of active fires detected by the MODIS sensor, is related to intensity with a hump-shaped empirical relation meaning that occurrence reaches a maximum at intermediate intensity. Raw burned area products obtained from remote-sensing can not discriminate between ignition and propagation processes. Here we use the newly delivered global FRY database, which provides fire patch functional traits including fire patch size from satellite observation, to go beyond burned area, and to test if fire size is driven by fire intensity at global scale as expected from empirical fire spread models. We show that in most regions of the world the linear relationship between fire intensity and fire patch size saturates for a threshold of intermediate intensity fires. The value of the threshold differs from one region to another, and we suggest that it might be driven by drought, and the amount of available biomass. In some regions, once this threshold is reached, we also observe that fire size decreases for the most intense fires, which mostly happen in the late fire season. According to the percolation theory, we suggest that this effect is a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of fuel continuity along the fire season so that landscape-scale feedbacks should be developed in global fire modules.</p>

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Global relationship of fire occurrence and fire intensity: A test of intermediate fire occurrence‐intensity hypothesis

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Varying relationships between fire radiative power and fire size at a global scale

Varying relationships between fire radiative power and fire size at a global scale

Pyrogenic HONO seen from space: insights from global IASI observations

Varying relationships between fire intensity and fire size at global scale

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