Quantitative LC-MALDI is an underrepresented method, especially in large-scale experiments. The additional fractionation step that is needed for most MALDI-TOF-TOF instruments, the comparatively long analysis time, and the very limited number of established software tools for the data analysis render LC-MALDI a niche application for large quantitative analyses beside the widespread LCelectrospray ionization workflows.Here, we used LC-MALDI in a relative quantification analysis of Staphylococcus aureus for the first time on a proteome-wide scale. Samples were analyzed in parallel with an LTQ-Orbitrap, which allowed cross-validation with a well-established workflow. With nearly 850 proteins identified in the cytosolic fraction and quantitative data for more than 550 proteins obtained with the MASCOT Distiller software, we were able to prove that LC-MALDI is able to process highly complex samples. The good correlation of quantities determined via this method and the LTQ-Orbitrap workflow confirmed the high reliability of our LC-MALDI approach for global quantification analysis.Because the existing literature reports differences for MALDI and electrospray ionization preferences and the respective experimental work was limited by technical or methodological constraints, we systematically compared biochemical attributes of peptides identified with either instrument. This genome-wide, comprehensive study revealed biases toward certain peptide properties for both MALDI-TOF-TOF-and LTQ-Orbitrap-based approaches. These biases are based on almost 13,000 peptides and result in a general complementarity of the two approaches that should be exploited in future experiments. One-dimensional gel-based liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS) 1 is a well-established technique in life science. In combination with in vivo labeling approaches such as stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) (1) or 15 N labeling (2), it allows the relative quantification of large numbers of proteins in a complex sample. Mass spectrometry (MS) measurements in such workflows are predominantly performed with electrospray ionization (ESI)-based mass spectrometers. Online coupling of a liquid chromatography (LC) system with fast MS spectra acquisition and high-mass-accuracy ESI instruments in conjunction with fractionation on both protein and peptide levels allows the analysis of very complex samples in a relatively short period of time (3). The identification and quantification of data can be done in an automatic or semi-automatic manner with a variety of well-established software packages (4).In proteomic research, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF) is mainly used for the analysis of non-complex protein samples that do not require fractionation on the peptide level by means of liquid chromatography. In particular, the analysis of single protein spots resulting from the twodimensional PAGE separation of complex samples is primarily carried out with this MS tec...