Global reports of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid; Mohamed, Mona Gamal; Essa, Rawand Abdulrahman; Rashad, Eman Abdelaziz Ahmed; Ibrahim, Peshraw Khdir; Khdir, Awat Alla; Wsu, Zhiar Hussen

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102513

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Our findings are in line with multiple meta-analyses66–69 that have evaluated the complex relationship between mRNA vaccinations and the rare risk of cardiac injury, indicating that vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines is associated with a short-term greater risk of myocarditis, however, the absolute risk appears to be low. This association has been demonstrated through different types of epidemiological studies, including national spontaneous reporting system studies,70–73 comparisons of observed-to-expected rate studies,74 75 case–control studies,54 76 self-controlled cases series35 77–79 and cohort studies 48 77 80–82.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveTo summarise the available evidence on the risk of myocarditis and/or pericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, compared with the risk among unvaccinated individuals in the absence of COVID-19 infection.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease), preprint repositories (medRxiv and bioRxiv), reference lists and grey literature were searched from 1 December 2020 until 31 October 2022.Study selectionEpidemiological studies of individuals of any age who received at least one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, reported a risk of myo/pericarditis and compared the risk of myo/pericarditis to individuals who did not receive any dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently conducted screening and data extraction. The rate of myo/pericarditis among vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was recorded, and the rate ratios were calculated. Additionally, the total number of individuals, case ascertainment criteria, percentage of males and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were extracted for each study. Meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria, of which six were included in the quantitative synthesis. Our meta-analysis indicates that within 30-day follow-up period, vaccinated individuals were twice as likely to develop myo/pericarditis in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated individuals, with a rate ratio of 2.05 (95% CI 1.49–2.82).ConclusionAlthough the absolute number of observed myo/pericarditis cases remains quite low, a higher risk was detected in those who received mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations compared with unvaccinated individuals in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe illnesses, hospitalisations and deaths, future research should focus on accurately determining the rates of myo/pericarditis linked to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, understanding the biological mechanisms behind these rare cardiac events and identifying those most at risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Severe side effects of COVID-19 vaccination have particularly an overlap with symptoms of COVID-19. For example, myocarditis and pericarditis have been found in association with COVID-19 [148] , [149] , [150] , [151] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] and COVID-19 vaccination [46] , [148] , [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] , [170] , [171] , [172] , [173] , [174] with the onset of cardiovascular symptoms after vaccination normally occurring a few days after vaccination [158] , [160] , [161] , [162] , [174] , [175] . While COVID-19 vaccine induced myocarditis/pericarditis generally fall in the category ACVS, cases in the category PACVS seem to occur too (e.g.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection- and Covid-19 Vaccination-induced Syndr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Scholkmann

May

2023

Pathology - Research and Practice

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“…Those who are older and more educated are less likely to agree with vaccine mandates [16,18]. Myocarditis is a potentially fatal consequence that has been described in people who have had monkeypox or who have taken the mRNA Covid-19 vaccination [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of knowledge, attitude and anxiety in Kurdistan-region of Iraqi population during the monkeypox outbreak in 2022: An online cross-sectional study

Ahmed

Abdulqadir

Omar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background On July 23, the WHO declared the rapidly spreading monkeypox (MPX) epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and anxiety levels of the general population during the MPX outbreak. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period July 27 and July 30, 2022, using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was adapted and developed after an in-depth review of the previous studies. Results A total of 510 respondents participated in this study. 277 (54.3%) were male, 233 (45.7%) were female. Participants had insufficient knowledge of MPX with a mean and SD deviation 2.096 ± 1.359, 2.576 ± 1.466, having a normal attitude toward MPX 4.031 ± 1.645. Moreover, they had anxiety problems 32.382 ± 10.094. There were significant differences in the mean rank scores of the knowledge of respondents about MPX according to their gender, marital status, religion, level of education, and place of residence, with p-values of 0.009, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively. Also, there were significant differences in the mean rank scores of attitudes of respondents toward MPX according to their gender, level of education, place of residence, and age, with p-values of 0.011, 0.020, and 0.000, 0,029, respectively. Lastly, there were significant differences in the mean rank score of anxiety of respondents toward MPX according to their gender, marital status, religion, level of education, and place of residence, with p-values of 0.000, 0.009, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000 respectively. Conclusion There is an urgent need to raise public awareness and manage people's emotional wellbeing. Taking into account the alarming scenario of rapid rise in MPX cases in many countries, any feasible pandemic probability of this disease amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, proactive control measures, necessary preventive strategies and preparedness plans need to be executed on priority to counteract this global health emergency as well as safeguard the mental health of the general public. Appropriate policies and effectively prevent and control strategies along with disseminating correct information would explicitly help in counteracting MPX outbreaks and avoiding the infodemic's misinformation and disinformations which could pose unwarranted high fears and panic, and ultimately aid in safeguarding the mental health of the people.

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Global reports of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 82 publications

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Study of knowledge, attitude and anxiety in Kurdistan-region of Iraqi population during the monkeypox outbreak in 2022: An online cross-sectional study

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