Global Review of International Nuclear Waste Management

Abstract

In the current situation of global energy transition, nuclear energy maintains its reputation as a stable power generation technology, without dependence on other resources and without CO2 emissions. However, one of the main problems with its use is the management of the radioactive waste it generates, which has given rise to different international strategies: (i) reprocessing; (ii) storage; and (iii) disposal. Given the interest generated by nuclear energy in recent times and the need to manage the waste generated, this paper presents a global review of the different international nuclear waste management strategies, using a scientific method based on (i) a bibliometric review of the scientific publications related to nuclear waste management and (ii) an analysis of the technical aspects of the different international management strategies. The effective and safe management of nuclear waste will contribute to the advancement of international nuclear energy development strategies that encourage the construction of new nuclear power plants and the lifetime extension of existing ones.

Emerging Trends and Challenges in Pink Hydrogen Research

“…Figure 6 shows the results if the authorship analysis is performed in terms of cocitation network. The objective of co-citation is to determine which authors, from the co-citations of others, are the most representative in terms of research [7]. As can be seen, there are three clusters or sets of authors most significant in pink hydrogen research.…”

“…However, their trajectory has been marked by severe serious accidents such as those that occurred in Chernobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in 2011 [6]. These serious accidents have raised concerns about the safety of nuclear power plants, as well as the management of the nuclear waste they generate [7], and, therefore, have increased the risk perception of the technology in society [8,9], leading to an international debate on its role in the current energy landscape and in the upcoming energy transition [10,11].…”

Transition Metal Borides for All-in-One Radiation Shielding

“…x is the target's thickness in cm, and µ is the LAC (cm −1 ). The mass attenuation coefficient (µ m ; cm 2 /g) can be obtained by dividing the LAC by the target's density (ρ), equivalent to Equation (2).…”

“…Ionizing radiation is a form of energy that has a wide range of practical uses in different fields, such as power generation, healthcare, agriculture, and research [1][2][3][4]. Nevertheless, exposure to ionizing radiation can have significantly negative impacts on human health because ionizing radiation is powerful enough to detach electrons from atoms [5].…”