Global-Scale Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Reef-Associated Symbiodiniaceae via the Cluster-Based Parsimony of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Sequences

Gong, Sanqiang; Chai, Guangjun; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Fengli; Yu, Kefu; Li, Zhiyong

doi:10.1007/s11802-021-4364-5

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The family of Symbiodiniaceae contains several formally described genus (Symbiodinium , Breviolum , Cladocopium ,Durusdinium , Effrenium , Fugacium andGerakladium ) and many unformally described clades or molecular types (LaJeunesse et al 2018). Most Symbiodiniaceae (i.e.,Symbiodinium , Breviolum , Cladocopium andDurusdinium ) are mainly endosymbiosis with coral, exceptEffrenium which is exclusively freeliving (LaJeunesse et al 2018;Gong et al 2021). This species is widely distributed in the sea water of coral reefs acorss Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and obtains carbon and energy sources by photosynthesis and predation on bacteria and other unicellular eukaryotes (Jeong et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobleaching and recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 reveals life form transformation under thermal stress

Gong,

Li,

Jin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Symbiodiniaceae play important roles in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters. Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum is probably an exclusively free-living and heterotrophic species. How this species responds and acclimates to warming (a main environenmtal factor causes degradation of coral reef ecosystem) remain largerly unknow. In this study, we experimentally established the phenotypic landscapes related to the photobleaching and recovery processes of Effrenium voratum SCS01 following thermal stress. We found that thermal stress bleached the plastids of E. voratum SCS01 and caused the cells to become lighter in color; thereafter, the bleached cells recovered rapidly when they were returned to the optimal temperature. Accordingly, the dominant life form of E. voratum SCS01 shifted from mastigote cells to coccoid cells and then returned to mastigote cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the photobleaching of E. voratum SCS01 was due to increased degradation and decreased biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, the thermally induced life form changes were related to the downregulation of genes for cell motility. Our results revealed the mechanism of photobleaching in E. voratum SCS01 and indicated life form transformation as a newly identified survival strategy of Effrenium voratum SCS01 under thermal stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobleaching and recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 reveals life form transformation under thermal stress

Gong,

Li,

Jin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Characterizing the coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae partners is an important step in understanding how this resilience facilitates the high coral cover in PNG. Among the eleven formally described genera today [ 28 – 31 ], Symbiodinium , Cladocopium , and Durusdinium (formerly Clade A, C, D) are the most common in Indo-Pacific corals [ 32 ]. Briefly, Symbiodinium thrives in high light or variable light conditions [ 33 ]; Cladocopium is ecologically diverse, associated with various hosts [ 34 ], and often provides their juvenile coral hosts with faster growth rates than other symbionts [ 35 , 36 ]; while Durusdinium is recognized for its tolerance to large temperature and turbidity fluctuations [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Diverse Symbiodiniaceae Types Hosted by Corals in a Global Hotspot of Marine Biodiversity

Ng,

Soon,

Afiq-Rosli

et al. 2024

Microb Ecol

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Symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodiniaceae play vital roles in promoting resilience and increasing stress tolerance in their coral hosts. While much of the world’s coral succumb to the stresses associated with increasingly severe and frequent thermal bleaching events, live coral cover in Papua New Guinea (PNG) remains some of the highest reported globally despite the historically warm waters surrounding the country. Yet, in spite of the high coral cover in PNG and the acknowledged roles Symbiodiniaceae play within their hosts, these communities have not been characterized in this global biodiversity hotspot. Using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA gene, we profiled the endosymbionts of four coral species, Diploastrea heliopora, Pachyseris speciosa, Pocillopora acuta, and Porites lutea, across six sites in PNG. Our findings reveal patterns of Cladocopium and Durusdinium dominance similar to other reefs in the Coral Triangle, albeit with much greater intra- and intergenomic variation. Host- and site-specific variations in Symbiodiniaceae type profiles were observed across collection sites, appearing to be driven by environmental conditions. Notably, the extensive intra- and intergenomic variation, coupled with many previously unreported sequences, highlight PNG as a potential hotspot of symbiont diversity. This work represents the first characterization of the coral-symbiont community structure in the PNG marine biodiversity hotspot, serving as a baseline for future studies.

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“…Photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae contain multiple species and play important roles in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters (Sully et al, 2019). Symbiodiniaceae members were initially considered a single pandemic species of zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium microadriaticum) based on morphological analyses (Freudenthal, 1962). Subsequent understanding of the diversity of Symbiodiniaceae changed significantly due to sequence-based molecular analyses, and Symbiodiniaceae were divided into nine phylogenetically supported clades (A-I) (Pochon et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these Symbiodiniaceae members, Symbiodinium, Breviolum, Cladocopium, Durusdinium, and Gerakladium are primarily endosymbioses with reef building corals, and each of these genera include multiple species and a number of informally described molecular types (LaJeunesse et al, 2018). The genus Effrenium currently contains just one species, the exclusively free-living (non-symbiotic) E. voratum (LaJeunesse et al, 2018;Gong et al, 2021). This species uses its tubule peduncle to graze on bacteria and other unicellular eukaryotes, creates blooms under certain circumstances, uniquely maintains a cell life cycle with more mastigote cells (flagellated cells) than coccoid cells (vegetative cells) compared to other Symbiodiniaceae and is distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Chang, 1983;Jeong et al, 2012Jeong et al, , 2014Yamashita and Koike, 2013;LaJeunesse et al, 2018;Gong et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress

Gong

Jin

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae contain a number of species and play an important role in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters. Effrenium voratum is likely an exclusively free-living and heterotrophic species of Symbiodiniaceae. How this species responds and acclimates to warming is largely unknown. The present study experimentally established the phenotypic landscapes related to the photobleaching and recovery processes of Effrenium voratum SCS01 following thermal stress. We found that thermal stress bleached the plastids of E. voratum SCS01 and caused the cells to become lighter in color. Thereafter, the bleached cells recovered rapidly when they returned to the optimal temperature. The dominant life form of E. voratum SCS01 shifted from mastigote cells to coccoid cells then returned to mastigote cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the photobleaching of E. voratum SCS01 was due to increased degradation and decreased biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The thermally induced life form changes were related to the downregulation of genes for cell motility. Our results revealed the mechanism of photobleaching in E. voratum SCS01 and indicated life form transformation as a newly identified survival strategy of Effrenium voratum SCS01 under thermal stress.

show abstract

Global-Scale Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Reef-Associated Symbiodiniaceae via the Cluster-Based Parsimony of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Sequences

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Photobleaching and recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 reveals life form transformation under thermal stress

Photobleaching and recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 reveals life form transformation under thermal stress

Highly Diverse Symbiodiniaceae Types Hosted by Corals in a Global Hotspot of Marine Biodiversity

Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress

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