Global Shift: The U.N. System and the New Regionalism in Latin America

Abstract

This study analyzes Latin America in light of the post–Cold War transformation of the global system. Much of Latin American foreign policy studies traditionally has been concerned with the region's subordinate position to “core” countries (generally, developed states and their ruling elites) and the degree to which these countries' policies constrain Latin American policies and development. While this juxtaposition is still a major topic, it ignores the leverage of new “spheres of authority” (SOAs), where global rules and norms are increasingly sustained. A hypothesis presented here is that the U.N. system is an example of such an SOA, which creates a new context for the insertion of periphery demands in the international agenda. A second hypothesis is that such insertion is increasingly made through the creation of new regional groupings, which are an expression of national development and security demands. Such processes carry both new possibilities and challenges.

Planning, re-bordering and setting times: a comparative analysis of European and Latin American ‘education spaces’

“…A certain desire to emulate the United Nations' philosophy on human rights, inclusive education and human development permeates the bulk of participative reforms and strategic plans in the continent (Puntigliano, 2007).…”

‘Soft power’, educational governance and political consensus in Brazil

“…International social norms and pluriscalar politics of education Interestingly, the former portrait illustrates how a bundle of international norms regulate schooling (Ramírez and Boli, 1987), human rights education and post-national citizenship (Ramírez, 2006;Puntigliano, 2007;Suarez, Ramirez, Koo, 2009) so that governments cannot feel comfortable if they are unable to convince international organisations that their country meets a number of conditions. In Brazil, the state addresses some traditional obstacles to comply with universal primary enrolment, and it dares to challenge the traditional ethnic order.…”