The components of vocational education talents and the relationship between the development of handicraft and vocational education are examined in this study. Next, using the independent samples t-test, it examines the general state of vocational school students’ recognition of quality as well as the variations in craftsmanship levels between students with varying majors, genders, grades, and internship experiences. Then, using Pearson’s correlation coefficient method, the relationship between students’ craftsmanship and the theoretical curriculum teachers, practical activities, and other factors at the school was investigated. The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the factors that influence the cultivation effect of craftsmanship. The road map for developing craftsmanship in vocational education is finally developed. According to the study, there is a significant positive correlation between all the factors and students’ artisan spirit. The correlation coefficients between the campus environment, theoretical courses taught at the school, teachers, practical activities, personal career planning, and personal artisan literacy are, respectively, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.99, and 0.53, all of which are greater than 0. This study offers concrete and workable methods for fostering craftsmanship in today’s students, which is crucial for enhancing talent development and advancing the growth of the manufacturing sector.