Global state of education-related inequality in COVID-19 vaccine coverage, structural barriers, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine refusal: findings from the Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey

Bergen, Nicole; Kirkby, Katherine; Fuertes, Cecilia Vidal; Schlotheuber, Anne; Menning, Lisa; Feely, Stephen Mac; O’Brien, Katherine L.; Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00520-4

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the other three SVI themes, namely socioeconomic status, minority status & language and housing type & transportation, were not statistically significant, factors such as environmental conditions [32], political atmosphere [33] and non-pharmaceutical interventions [34] could contribute to county heterogeneity, and potentially confound the relationship between the vaccination coverage and the CFR. Most notably, research has shown that vaccine hesitancy (willingness) is a key determinant of vaccination coverage, and it potentially mediates the relationship between the factors influencing the CFR (like SVI) and the CFR itself, and therefore variation of vaccine hesitancy among the U.S. counties potentially accounts for a significant portion of the county heterogeneity observed in our paper [35-36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating the marginal and herd effects of COVID-19 vaccination for reducing case fatality rate: Evidence from the United States

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vaccination campaigns have been rolled out in most countries to increase the vaccination coverage and protect against case mortality during the ongoing pandemic. To evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination, it is vital to disentangle the herd effect from the marginal effect and parameterize them separately in a model. To demonstrate this, we study the relationship between the COVID-19 vaccination coverage and case fatality rate (CFR) based on a U.S. vaccination coverage at county level, with daily records from March 11th, 2021 to Jan 26th, 2022 for 3109 U.S. counties. Using segmented regression, we discovered three breakpoints of the vaccination coverage, at which the herd effects could potentially exist. Controlling for county heterogeneity, we found the size of the marginal effect was not constant but actually enlarged as the vaccination coverage increased, and only the herd effect at the first breakpoint was statistically significant, which implied indirect benefit of vaccination may exist at the early stage of a vaccination campaign. Our results have demonstrated that public health researchers should carefully differentiate and quantify the herd and marginal effects in analyzing vaccination data, to better inform vaccination campaign strategies as well as evaluate vaccination effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating the marginal and herd effects of COVID-19 vaccination for reducing case fatality rate: Evidence from the United States

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…We note, however, an important distinction between the body of research pertaining to vaccination coverage from research on vaccination intentions and attitudes. Attitudes towards vaccines have been found to shift over time [ 9 ], and do not directly translate into behaviours. A study of vaccination uptake during the 2009 influenza (H1N1) pandemic, for example, found that only a small percentage of those reporting a positive intention to vaccinate followed through on receiving the vaccine after two months [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, there were early indications of racial inequity just weeks after vaccine distribution began in the United States, as available data suggested lower vaccination among Black and Hispanic people alongside higher shares of cases and deaths [ 8 ]. More recently, data from 14 million adults across 90 countries suggested pervasive education-related inequalities in self-reported receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine in nearly every country, with higher vaccination among the more educated [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-Country Inequality in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage: A Scoping Review of Academic Literature

et al. 2023

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Since December 2020, COVID-19 vaccines have become increasingly available to populations around the globe. A growing body of research has characterised inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage. This scoping review aims to locate, select and assess research articles that report on within-country inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage, and to provide a preliminary overview of inequality trends for selected dimensions of inequality. We applied a systematic search strategy across electronic databases with no language or date restrictions. Our inclusion criteria specified research articles or reports that analysed inequality in COVID-19 vaccination coverage according to one or more socioeconomic, demographic or geographic dimension of inequality. We developed a data extraction template to compile findings. The scoping review was carried out using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A total of 167 articles met our inclusion criteria, of which half (n = 83) were conducted in the United States. Articles focused on vaccine initiation, full vaccination and/or receipt of booster. Diverse dimensions of inequality were explored, most frequently relating to age (n = 127 articles), race/ethnicity (n = 117 articles) and sex/gender (n = 103 articles). Preliminary assessments of inequality trends showed higher coverage among older population groups, with mixed findings for sex/gender. Global research efforts should be expanded across settings to understand patterns of inequality and strengthen equity in vaccine policies, planning and implementation.

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“…Despite the urgent need for COVID-19 vaccination, individuals with mental disorders may be reluctant to receive the vaccine due to socioeconomic inequalities, including lower income and education levels, impaired function, and social isolation ( 14 , 15 ). Psychological conditions may also significantly influence their perceptions about COVID-19 vaccination ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and related behavioral and psychological characteristics in individuals with mental disorders in Korea

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and related factors in individuals with mental disorders in Korea.MethodsWe surveyed 572 individuals with mental disorders about their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination using a 7-item self-rating questionnaire on vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. We categorized the respondents into groups based on their level of vaccine acceptance using hierarchical clustering. In addition, we evaluated the respondents’ vaccination status and trust in sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccines, and assessed their psychological characteristics using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Gratitude Questionnaire-6, and Big Five Inventory-10.ResultsClustering revealed three groups according to vaccine acceptance: ‘totally accepting’ (n= 246, 43.0%), ‘somewhat accepting’ (n= 184, 32.2%), and ‘hesitant’ (n= 142, 24.8%) groups. Three quarters of all participants, who belonged to the ‘totally accepting’ or ‘somewhat accepting’ groups, were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine despite concerns about its side effects. Individuals in the high vaccine acceptance group were older (F= 12.52, p< 0.001), more likely to receive the influenza vaccine regularly, and more likely to trust formal information sources. Additionally, they had higher levels of gratitude (F= 21.00, p< 0.001) and agreeableness (F= 4.50, p= 0.011), and lower levels of depression (χ2= 11.81, p= 0.003) and neuroticism (F= 3.71, p= 0.025).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that individuals with mental disorders were generally willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. However, they weighed its need and effectiveness against potential side effects before coming to a decision. It is important to understand the behavioral and psychological characteristics associated with vaccine acceptance, to effectively communicate its importance to individuals with mental disorders.

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Global state of education-related inequality in COVID-19 vaccine coverage, structural barriers, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine refusal: findings from the Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Investigating the marginal and herd effects of COVID-19 vaccination for reducing case fatality rate: Evidence from the United States

Investigating the marginal and herd effects of COVID-19 vaccination for reducing case fatality rate: Evidence from the United States

Within-Country Inequality in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage: A Scoping Review of Academic Literature

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and related behavioral and psychological characteristics in individuals with mental disorders in Korea

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