Global Status of<i>Porcine circovirus</i>Type 2 and Its Associated Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

Afolabi, Kayode Olayinka; Iweriebor, Benson Chuks; Okoh, Anthony I.; Chikwelu, Larry

doi:10.1155/2017/6807964

Cited by 44 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…However, little or no effort is geared towards detecting and studying most of the swine viral pathogens of global economic importance in the region. This assertion is strongly corroborated in a recent review analysis on PCV2 and its associated diseases in the sub-Saharan Africa region in which only 2 out of the 49 (4%) countries represented in the region have meager documentation about the detection of the swine viral pathogen in the region (Afolabi et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Porcine Parvoviruses In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs

Afolabi

Iweriebor

Okoh

et al. 2019

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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A B S T R A C TDetection of infectious viral agents has been on the increase globally with the advent and usage of more sensitive and selective novel molecular techniques in the epidemiological study of viral diseases of economic importance to the swine industry. The observation is not different for the pig-infecting member of the subfamily Parvovirinae in the family Parvoviridae as the application of novel molecular methods like metagenomics has brought about the detection of many other novel members of the group. Surprisingly, the list keeps increasing day by day with some of them possessing zoonotic potentials. In the last one decade, not less than ten novel swine-infecting viruses have been added to the subfamily, and ceaseless efforts have been in top gear to determine the occurrence and prevalence of the old and new swine parvoviruses in herds of pig-producing countries worldwide. The story, however, is on the contrary on the African continent as there is presently a dearth of information on surveillance initiatives of the viruses among swine herds of pig-producing countries in the region. Timely detection and characterization of the viral pathogens is highly imperative for the implementation of effective control and prevention of its spread. This review therefore presents a concise overview on the epidemiology of novel porcine parvoviruses globally and also provides up-to-date highlights on the reported cases of the viral agents in the African sub-region.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Porcine Parvoviruses In African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs

Afolabi

Iweriebor

Okoh

et al. 2019

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Since the emergence of PCV2, there has been considerable effort to produce an effective vaccine [32]. For some time, the main hurdle was efficient overexpression of CP [19,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The level of decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine affects the neutralizing activity of sera in the immunized animals

Jin

Park²,

Cho³

et al. 2018

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Viral pathogens have evolved a wide range of tactics to evade host immune responses and thus propagate effectively. One efficient tactic is to divert host immune responses toward an immunodominant decoy epitope and to induce non-neutralizing antibodies toward this epitope. Therefore, it is expected that the amount of decoy epitope in a subunit vaccine can affect the level of neutralizing antibody in an immunized animal. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by generating an antibody specific to the decoy epitope on the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Using this antibody, we found that two commercial vaccines contained statistically different amounts of the decoy epitope. The vaccine with lower levels of decoy epitope induced a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody after immunization. This antibody can be used as an analytical tool to monitor the quality of a vaccine from batch to batch.

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“…The status of PCV2 is unknown in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa [5,50]. In a study to unravel the transmission patterns of PCV2 at the wildlife-livestock interface in Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda, 91 pigs were sampled and screened for PCV2 antibodies [50].…”

Section: Pcv2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Africa, the top three countries in terms of pig population are Nigeria with 7.49 million [3], followed by Uganda, 4.23 million [4] and Malawi, 3.65 million [3]. While pig production offers opportunities for both commercial and smallholder producers, the industry faces several constraints [5,6]. Transboundary diseases such as African swine fever (ASF) pose a threat to international trade, livelihoods and food security due to high economic impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and gaps of research on respiratory disease pathogens of swine in Africa

Oba

Wieland²,

Mwiine

et al. 2020

Porc Health Manag

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Over the last two decades, the pig population in Africa has grown rapidly, reflecting the increased adoption of pig production as an important economic activity. Of all species, pigs are likely to constitute a greater share of the growth in the livestock subsector. However, constraints such as respiratory infectious diseases cause significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Compared to industrialized countries, the occurrence and impacts of respiratory diseases on pig production in Africa is under-documented. Hence, knowledge on prevalence and incidence of economically important swine respiratory pathogens in pigs in Africa is necessary to guide interventions for prevention and control. The purpose of this review was to document the current status of research on five important respiratory pathogens of swine in Africa to inform future research and interventions. The pathogens included were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PPRSv), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and swine influenza A viruses (IAV). For this review, published articles were obtained using Harzing's Publish or Perish software tool from GoogleScholar. Articles were also sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, FAO and OIE websites. The terms used for the search were Africa, swine or porcine, respiratory pathogens, M. hyopneumoniae, APP, PCV2, PPRSv, IAV, prevention and control. In all, 146 articles found were considered relevant, and upon further screening, only 85 articles were retained for the review. The search was limited to studies published from 2000 to 2019. Of all the studies that documented occurrence of the five respiratory pathogens, most were on IAV (48.4%, n = 15), followed by PCV2 (25.8%, n = 8), PPRSv (19.4%, n = 6), while only one study (3.2%, n = 1) reported APP and M. hyopneumoniae. This review highlights knowledge and information gaps on epidemiologic aspects as well as economic impacts of the various pathogens reported in swine in Africa, which calls for further studies.

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Global Status ofPorcine circovirusType 2 and Its Associated Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 44 publications

References 144 publications

Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs

Increasing diversity of swine parvoviruses and their epidemiology in African pigs

The level of decoy epitope in PCV2 vaccine affects the neutralizing activity of sera in the immunized animals

Status and gaps of research on respiratory disease pathogens of swine in Africa

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