Global Stroke Statistics

Abstract

In many countries, stroke is a lower priority than other diseases despite its public health impact. One issue is a lack of readily accessible comparative data to help make the case for the development of national stroke strategies. To assist in this process, we need to have a common repository of the latest published information on the impact of stroke worldwide. We aim to provide a repository of the most current incidence and mortality data on stroke available by country and illustrate the gaps in these data. We plan to update this repository annually and expand the scope to address other aspects of the burden of stroke. Data were compiled using two approaches: (1) an extensive literature review with a major focus on published systematic reviews on stroke incidence (between 1980 and May 14, 2013); and (2) direct acquisition and collation of data from the World Health Organization to present the most current estimates of stroke mortality for each country recognized by the World Health Organization. For mortality, ICD8, ICD9, and ICD10 mortality codes were extracted. Using population denominators crude stroke mortality was calculated, as well as adjusting for the World Health Organization world population. We used only the most recent year reported to the World Health Organization. Incidence rates for stroke were available for 52 countries, with some countries having incidence studies undertaken in more than one region. When adjusted to the World Health Organization world standard population, incidence rates for stroke ranged from 41 per 100 000 population per year in Nigeria (1971-74) to 316/ 100 000/year in urban Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania). Some regions had three to fivefold greater incidence than other countries. Of the 123 countries reporting mortality data, crude mortality was greatest in Kazhakstan (in 2003). In many regions data were very old or nonexistent. Such country-level data are important for citizens, clinicians, and policy makers so that local and global strategies to reduce the overall burden of stroke can be implemented. Through this first annual review of country-specific stroke epidemiology, we hope to promote discussion and provide insights into the worldwide burden of stroke.

Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide, CN‐105, improves outcomes in ischemic stroke

“…Principal components analysis was performed between sample groups to screen for outliers in the phosphoproteomic data. The independent two‐tailed t ‐test was performed on log2 protein intensities of the phosphopeptide (peptide‐level) datasets. Significance level for all tests was set at P < 0.05.…”

“…Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide 1, 2. Currently, the only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke include thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy 3.…”

Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Recurrent Vascular Events After First Ischemic Stroke

“…1,2 Secondary prevention measures after ischemic stroke include control for established risk factors like arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. 3,4 The identification of underlying risk factors is essential to prevent recurrent ischemic events.…”

Physical activity levels of a primary health care users: comparisons between healthy subjects and subjects with stroke

“…1,2 The prevalence of stroke is high and 90% of the survivors undergoes functional commitments that involve structural and functional diseases, limitations in the activities of the daily life and participation restrictions. 3,4 Moreover, most of these individuals have sedentary life style and reduction of physical activities, what is defined as any body movement as a consequence of muscle contraction that results in energy expenditure.…”