Global transcriptome landscape of the rabbit protozoan parasite Eimeria stiedae

Xie, Yue; Xiao, Jie; Zhou, Xuan; Gu, Xiaobin; He, Ran; Xu, Jing; Jing, Bo; Peng, Xuerong; Yang, Guangyou

doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04811-5

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…This can be achieved by stopping oxidative stress and inflammation in the cells and supporting the immune system in its efforts to eliminate Eimeria ( 149 , 150 ). In addition, the number of merogony cycles was reduced and the parasite was forced to enter the sexual phase of the cycle ( 151 , 152 ). Multiple researchers have explored the use of herbal remedies for controlling cecal coccidiosis, and a few of these remedies have been commercially marketed ( 119 , 153 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

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Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Saeed

Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…First-strand cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA and then used for second-strand cDNA synthesis (Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA). The EsAMA1 and EsIMP1 specific primers were designed based on transcriptome data [21]: EsAMA1-F 5′-CGGGA TCC ATG TGG AAG ATG AGG CTT GT-3′, EsAMA1-R 5′-CCCTC GAG TTA AAA GTC CTG GTC AAC GAG -3′, with BamHI and XhoI restriction enzyme sites (underlined) (Takara, Dalian, China); EsIMP1-F 5′-CGGGA TCC ATG GGG GCC CTC TGT TCG -3′, EsIMP1-R 5′-GCGTC GAC TCA ATC ATC TTG CTT CTC CTG CTG -3′, with BamHI and SalI restriction enzyme sites (underlined).…”

Section: Cloning Expression and Protein Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there has been no report of a recombinant subunit vaccine for rabbit coccidia. In this study, the EsAMA1 and EsIMP1 genes were selected based on E. stiedae transcriptome data for prokaryotic expression [ 21 ]. Then, the recombinant proteins, r Es AMA1 and r Es IMP1, were used as subunit vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evaluation of the protective effects of recombinant AMA1 and IMP1 against Eimeria stiedae infection in rabbits

et al. 2022

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Background Eimeria stiedae parasitizes the bile duct, causing hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. Coccidiosis control using anticoccidials led to drug resistance and residues; therefore, vaccines are required as an alternative control strategy. Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and immune mapped protein 1 (IMP1) are surface-located proteins that might contribute to host cell invasion, having potential as candidate vaccine antigens. Methods Herein, we cloned and expressed the E. stiedae EsAMA1 and EsIMP1 genes. The reactogenicity of recombinant AMA1 (rEsAMA1) and IMP1 (rEsIMP1) proteins were investigated using immunoblotting. For the vaccination-infection trial, rabbits were vaccinated with rEsAMA1 and rEsIMP1 (both 100 μg/rabbit) twice at 2-week intervals. After vaccination, various serum cytokines were measured. The protective effects of rEsAMA1 and rEsIMP1 against E. stiedae infection were assessed using several indicators. Sera were collected weekly to detect the specific antibody levels. Results Both rEsAMA1 and rEsIMP1 showed strong reactogenicity. Rabbits vaccinated with rEsAMA1 and rEsIMP1 displayed significantly increased serum IL-2 (F(4, 25) = 9.53, P = 0.000), IL-4 (F(4, 25) = 7.81, P = 0.000), IL-17 (F(4, 25) = 8.55, P = 0.000), and IFN-γ (F(4, 25) = 6.89, P = 0.001) levels; in the rEsIMP1 group, serum TGF-β1 level was also elevated (F(4, 25) = 3.01, P = 0.037). After vaccination, the specific antibody levels increased and were maintained at a high level. The vaccination-infection trial showed that compared with the positive control groups, rabbits vaccinated with the recombinant proteins showed significantly reduced oocyst output (F(5, 54) = 187.87, P = 0.000), liver index (F(5, 54) = 37.52, P = 0.000), and feed conversion ratio; body weight gain was significantly improved (F(5, 54) = 28.82, P = 0.000). Conclusions rEsAMA1 and rEsIMP1 could induce cellular and humoral immunity, protecting against E. stiedae infection. Thus, rEsAMA1 and rEsIMP1 are potential vaccine candidates against E. stiedae. Graphic abstract

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“…Здесь начинается процесс мерогонии, который заключается в том, что после первичного внедрения спорозоитов в эпителиальные клетки печени из них уже выходят мерозоиты, которые внедряются в новые клетки, где делятся на мужские и женские гаметоциты, в отличие от предыдущих стадий. Мужские и женские гаметоциты, покидая клетку, оплодотворяются и путём гаметического размножения образуются гаметогонии, что приводит к образованию неспорулированных ооцист, которые выделяются во внешнюю среду для экзогенного развития [4].…”

Section: There Is No Conflict Of Interestsunclassified

Effects of <i>Eimeria stiedae</i> parasitism in the liver of rabbits on blood parameters and histoarchitecture of organs

Stafford

2022

Ross. parazitol. ž..

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The purpose of the research is to evaluate the parasitism effects on clinical parameters of laboratory animals.Materials and methods. The venous blood of 20 rabbits aged 1 year was taken to perform biochemical and general blood tests, for which purpose hematological analyzers were used. The animals were dissected using the Shor’s method. The topography of the organ complex was evaluated, and pathological material was collected and placed to 10% buffered formalin. For pathomorphological examination, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney samples were taken. To determine the histological pattern, paraffin-embedded samples on Thermo Scientific semi-automatic equipment were used. Histologic specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histoarchitecture of the specimens was evaluated using an Axio A1.0 microscope, and photography was conducted with the AxioVision software.Results and discussion. The article presents the data of the general and biochemical blood tests of the blood from the rabbits intended to be used in the experiment. Further, the pathoanatomical picture of the liver was shown in animals infected with Eimeria spp., and the histological pattern was presented for parenchymal organs. We found that the main biochemical values that exceeded reference values were liver values, namely, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. We also observed an increase in monocytes and granulocytes in the blood. Pathological and anatomical changes were only expressed in the liver, while no changes in the macro pattern were observed in other organs. Histological examination of parenchymal organs showed a significant pathology in the liver due to endogenous stages of oocysts occurred in its structure. Additionally, we observed a strong eosinophil response in the spleen and a high content of eosinophils in the pulmonary veins.

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Global transcriptome landscape of the rabbit protozoan parasite Eimeria stiedae

Cited by 12 publications

References 99 publications

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Preliminary evaluation of the protective effects of recombinant AMA1 and IMP1 against Eimeria stiedae infection in rabbits

Effects of <i>Eimeria stiedae</i> parasitism in the liver of rabbits on blood parameters and histoarchitecture of organs

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