Global trends and environmental issues in nickel mining: Sulfides versus laterites

Mudd, Gavin Mark

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.05.003

Cited by 386 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Pyrometallurgical production is suitable for treating garnierite ore with a low iron content and high garnierite content, while hydrometallurgical production is applicable for processing limonite ore, which has a high iron content and low garnierite content. However, these traditional treatment processes also have some disadvantages, such as high energy consumption, huge capital cost overruns and a high residual acid concentration [8][9][10] . Typically, the hydropyrometallurgical process of reduction roasting-magnetic separation has been proposed as an easy, low-energy-consumption and environmentally friendly process, especially when it is used to treat low-grade nickel (<1%) laterite ore 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Dong

Wei

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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This work investigates the in uence of calcium chloride addition on coal-based reduction roasting low-nickel garnierite ore, and which is most evident in nickel enrichment and ferronickel particles aggregation. The results demonstrate that a concentrate with 11.83% nickel, corresponding to a nickel recovery of 97.38%, was obtained when the ore was reduced at 1150 C for 40 min in the presence of 12 mass% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, followed by magnetic separation at 250 mT. Compared with the ore reduced without calcium chloride, the nickel enrichment ratio of the concentrate was increased from 3 to 14 by the addition of 12 mass% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O. Duing to the vaporization of the nickel chloride formed and the emergence of a new reactive surface, the addition of calcium chloride makes NiO in the garnierite easier to be reduced. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) studies show that metallic nickel was mainly enriched into a kamacite phase, and the presence of CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O signi cantly accelerated the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles, attributing to the vaporization and precipitation of nickel chloride on carbon surface together with ferrou chloride.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Dong

Wei

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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“…It is estimated that approximately 40% of the current worldwide nickel production is derived from nickel laterite. Meanwhile, strong demand for nickel in recent years and depletion of high grade ores have prompted the need to process more these low grade reserves of laterite [4,5]. Unfortunately, the nickel laterite is very difficult to treat due to its low-grade and complex mineralogy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Characteristics and Preliminary Beneficiation of Nickel Slag from Reduction Roasting-Ammonia Leaching

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The reduction roasting ammonia leaching process (RRAL) originally defined by Caron (1950) has been extensively applied to treat low grade nickel laterite and a large amount of slag-containing some valuable metals, has been generated and accumulated over the years since then. However, there are no reports on how to utilize it based on its essential properties. In this investigation, the textural and mineralogical characterization of the typical nickel slag from RRAL in Western Australia was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the nickel slag is dominated by magnetite, maghemite, gangue minerals and minor Cr-spinel. The magnetite and maghemite possess simple distribution relationship with other minerals and their particles are highly variable with most over 50 µm, which are easily able to be recovered. In term of the complex association and distribution feature of chromium and nickel minerals, it is very difficult to recovery them. Meanwhile, an economically viable extraction process was proposed to preliminarily utilize the nickel slag based on textural and mineralogical characteristics of the slag, and the magnetic concentrate, assaying about 62% iron grade at over 75% recovery rate, was obtained through the recommended method.

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“…Nickel is a strategic metal due to its extensive application in the production of stainless steel, alloy, battery, and catalyst [8,9]. Recently, by depletion of primary nickel resources, a lot of researches have been done on the extraction of nickel from secondary resources, including spent catalyst [10][11][12], waste battery [13,14] alloys and other waste nickel scraps [15][16][17][18] and tailings [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization of nickel extraction from hazardous waste

Gharabaghi¹,

Irannajad²,

Azadmehr³

et al. 2012

Archives of Environmental Protection

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Zinc plant residue is a hazardous waste which contains high quantity of nickel and other valuable metals. Process parameters such as reaction time, acid concentration, solid-liquid ratio, particle size, stirring speed and temperature for nickel extraction from this waste were optimized using factorial design. Main effects and their interactions were obtained by the analysis of variance ANOVA. Empirical regression model was obtained and used to predict nickel extraction with satisfactory results and to describe the relationship between the predicted results and the experiment results. The important parameters for maximizing nickel extraction were identifi ed to be a leaching time solid-liquid ratio and acid concentration. It was found that above 90% of nickel could be extracted in optimum conditions.

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Global trends and environmental issues in nickel mining: Sulfides versus laterites

Cited by 386 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Mineralogical Characteristics and Preliminary Beneficiation of Nickel Slag from Reduction Roasting-Ammonia Leaching

Process optimization of nickel extraction from hazardous waste

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