Global Trends in Genetic Markers of Pediculus humanus capitis Resistance Mechanisms

Fox, Kathryn; Larkin, Kelsey; Sánchez, Ana

doi:10.1007/s40475-020-00204-3

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen for mutations in T917I, L920F, M815I alleles, and detect kdr mutation in selected head louse populations in Turkey [ 37 ]. This method required small amounts of DNA for analysis, which could be extracted from lice, it could be carried out in a simple laboratory environment, and was suitable for kdr allele mutation screening [ 21 , 26 ]. Quantitative sequencing (QS) for screening mutations causing the T917I, M815I and L932F amino acid conversions has also been implemented in head lice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrethroids, such as permethrin, bind to voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC) in the nervous system and cause prolonged opening of these channels. Rapid and uncontrolled sodium influx leads to nerve depolarization which eventually causes muscle paralysis and death [ 26 , 29 ]. A common mechanism of insecticide resistance is target site insensitivity, such as knockdown resistance ( kdr ), where point mutations in the target site (VSSC) reduce the binding of insecticides (i.e., dichlorodiphenyl trichloro-ethane or DDT and permethrin), causing nerve insensitivity and resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This resistance is a heritable genetic trait caused by recessive allele mutations, which occur in a wide range of insects that have been exposed to either DDT or a pyrethroid, or both, at some point in their evolutionary history. Kdr -causing point mutations (e.g., M815I, T917I, and L920F) in the VSSC α-subunit gene have been identified in resistant lice and are used as markers of pyrethroid resistance [ 13 , 25 , 26 ]. Although the sole detection of kdr gene mutations may not directly predict clinical failure, their rising frequency in head louse populations coincides with publications on product failures in controlled studies [ 72 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the most common insects causing infestations in humans worldwide, and infestation is associated with adverse socio-economic and public health effects. The development of genetic insensitivity (e.g., target site insensitivity = knockdown resistance or kdr) to topical insecticides has impaired effective treatment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to review and meta-analyze the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in treated head louse populations from the beginning of 2000 to the end of June 2021 worldwide. In order to accomplish this, all English language articles published over this period were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses of data were performed using fixed and random effect model tests in meta-analysis, Cochrane, meta-regression and I2 index. A total of 24 articles from an initial sample size of 5033 were accepted into this systematic review. The mean frequency of pyrethroid resistance was estimated to be 76.9%. In collected resistant lice, 64.4% were homozygote and 30.3% were heterozygote resistant. Globally, four countries (Australia, England, Israel, and Turkey) have 100% kdr gene frequencies, likely resulting in the ineffectiveness of pyrethrin- and pyrethroid-based pediculicides. The highest resistance recorded in these studies was against permethrin. This study shows that pyrethroid resistance is found at relatively high frequencies in many countries. As a result, treatment with current insecticides may not be effective and is likely the cause of increased levels of infestations. It is recommended that resistance status be evaluated prior to insecticide treatment, to increase efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…The knockdown resistance (kdr), due to the three-point mutation (amino acid substitutions on the M815I, T917I, and L920F) can be identified on the α-subunit of voltage sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene [15][16][17]. Several reports suggested that M815I and L920F mutations reduce susceptibility to permethrin [18][19][20], whereas for the T917I mutation, whenever present, whether in alone or combination with L920F mutation, the mutation plays an important role in permethrin resistance and can be used as a molecular biomarker for head lice permethrin or pyrethroid resistance [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular analysis is one of the most popular techniques used to determine the pyrethroid resistance in insects [19]. Different molecular techniques have been practiced to identify the head lice carrying resistance including quantitative multiplex sequencing [21,23], melting curve analysis genotyping coupled with quantitative PCR fluorescent resonance energy transfer technology (FRET) [24,25], real-time PCR amplification of specific allele (rtPASA), serial invasive signal amplification reaction (SISAR) [11], and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) [20,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from primary school children of Thailand

et al. 2020

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Human head lice are blood-sucking insects causing an infestation in humans called pediculosis capitis. The infestation is more prevalent in the school-aged population. Scalp itching, a common presenting symptom, results in scratching and sleep disturbance. The condition can lead to social stigmatization which can lead to loss of self-esteem. Currently, the mainstay of treatment for pediculosis is chemical insecticides such as permethrin. The extended use of permethrin worldwide leads to growing pediculicide resistance. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in head lice populations from six different localities of Thailand. A total of 260 head lice samples in this study were collected from 15 provinces in the 6 regions of Thailand. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the α subunit of voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene, kdr mutation (C→T substitution). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns and sequencing were used to identify the kdr T917I mutation and demonstrated three genotypic forms including homozygous susceptible (SS), heterozygous genotype (RS), and homozygous resistant (RR). Of 260 samples from this study, 156 (60.00%) were SS, 58 (22.31%) were RS, and 46 (17.69%) were RR. The overall frequency of the kdr T917I mutation was 0.31. Genotypes frequencies determination using the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium found that northern, central, northeastern, southern, and western region of Thailand differed from expectation. The five aforementioned localities had positive inbreeding coefficient value (Fis > 0) which indicated an excess of homozygotes. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of RS and RR showed T917I and L920F point mutations. In conclusion, this is the first study detecting permethrin resistance among human head lice from Thailand. PCR-RFLP is an easy technique to demonstrate the kdr mutation in head louse. The data obtained from this study would increase awareness of increasing of the kdr mutation in head louse in Thailand.

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The association between knockdown resistance and treatment outcome of 1% permethrin lotion in head lice infestations in Nonthaburi province, Thailand

Brownell,

Sunantaraporn,

Seatamanoch

et al. 2024

Arch Dermatol Res

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Global Trends in Genetic Markers of Pediculus humanus capitis Resistance Mechanisms

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

Presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from primary school children of Thailand

The association between knockdown resistance and treatment outcome of 1% permethrin lotion in head lice infestations in Nonthaburi province, Thailand

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